Wadatacce
- Dokokin sunan kimiyya
- Ta yaya wani jinsin ya bambanta da gandun daji?
- Wata hanyar fahimtar ma'anar jinsuna
- Misalan nau'in
- Ƙungiyoyi na nau'in dabba
- Subspecies na jinsunan shuke -shuke
- Ƙungiyoyin nau'in protista
- Ƙananan nau'ikan fungi da lichens
Ana fahimta ta nau'in zuwa ga ƙungiya ko tsarin rayayyun halittu (dabba ko masarautar shuka) waɗanda ke raba al'adu, halaye da halayen zahiri masu kama da juna kuma daban da na wasu. Wani nau'in kuma yana da ikon yin aboki ko rarrabewa da haifar da zuriyar haihuwa.
Dabbobi suna raba rukunin DNA guda ɗaya, wanda ke sa kwayoyin halittu iri ɗaya su gane junansu ta hanyar yin kama da juna.
Dokokin sunan kimiyya
Dokokin nomenclature wanda yayi daidai da rarrabuwa na kimiyya yana nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 5:
- Dabbobi
- Tsire -tsire
- Shuka shuke -shuke
- Kwayoyin cuta
- Ƙwayar cuta
A cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ko ƙungiyoyi daban -daban. An fahimci wani ƙanƙantaccen nau'in nau'in halitta ne ko mai tasowa. Ƙungiyoyin suna da irin wannan sifar jikin ɗan adam, ilimin halittar jiki da ɗabi'a ko halayen ɗabi'a dangane da nau'in da suke ciki, amma suna iya samun wasu halaye daban -daban na daidaitawa da muhalli. Misali, kyarkeci na Mekziko wani yanki ne na kyarkeci mai launin toka.
Ta yaya wani jinsin ya bambanta da gandun daji?
Daga nazarin kimiyya ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi tunda, kodayake nau'in yana da sunaye ɗaya ko biyu, ana ƙara sunan na uku a cikin nau'ikan. Ci gaba da misalin nau'in ƙyarkeci mai launin toka, yana karɓar ƙira Canis lupus, yayin da aka ambaci gandun daji na kyarkeci na Mekziko a matsayin Canis Lupus Bayleyi (ko kuma Baileyi).
Wata hanyar fahimtar ma'anar jinsuna
Kodayake babu wata ma'ana da aka yarda da ita a duniya game da manufar jinsin, za a yi la'akari da hanyar da za a rarrabe rayayyun halittu masu rai, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 29 daban -daban, a cikinsa yana yiwuwa a rarrabasu nau'ikan daban -daban tare da iyalai ko ƙungiyoyi da yawa.
Misali: na zaki da kare. Dukansu ana samun su a cikin nau'in dabbobi, amma suna cikin iyalai daban -daban: zaki (Panthera da) na dangin felidae ne, yayin da kare (Canis lupus saba) ya fito daga dangin canidae.
Misalan nau'in
| Hadisi: 116 | Crustaceans: 47,000 | Moss: 16,236 |
| Green algae: 12,272 | Spermatophytes: 268,600 | Wasu: 125,117 |
| Amphibians: 6,515 | Gymnosperms: 1,021 | Kifi: 31,153 |
| Dabbobi: 1,424,153 | Farashin: 12,000 | Shuke -shuken jijiyoyin jini: 281,621 |
| Arachnids: 102,248 | Fungi: 74,000 -120,0004 | Shuke -shuke: 310,129 |
| Adadin: 5,007 | Ƙwari: 1,000,000 | Masu goyon baya: 55,0005 |
| Tsuntsaye: 9,990 | Masu jujjuyawar ƙasa: 1,359,365 | Dabbobi masu rarrafe: 8,734 |
| Kwayoyin cuta: 10,0006 | Lasisi: 17,000 | Saukewa: 2,760 |
| Cephalochordates: 33 | Dabbobi masu shayarwa: 5,487 | Ƙwayoyin cuta: 32,002 |
| Chordates: 64,788 | Kashi: 85,000 |
Ƙungiyoyi na nau'in dabba
| Adadin: 1,150 | Echinodermata: 7,003 | Adadin: 1,200 |
| Annelida: 16,763 | Shekaru: 176 | Shafin: 165 |
| Arachnida: 102,248 | Cigaba: 170 | Takardar bayanai: 715 |
| Arthropoda: 1,166,660 | Gastrotricha: 400 | Pentastomide: 100 |
| Saukewa: 550 | Gnathostomulida: 97 | Phoronid: 10 |
| Saukewa: 5,700 | Takardar bayanai: 108 | Placozoa: 1 |
| Cephalochordata: 23 | Kwari: 1,000,000 | Ƙididdiga: 20,000 |
| Shafin: 121 | Shafin: 130 | Shafin: 6000 |
| Ciki: 3,149 | Loricifera: 22 | Siffar: 16 |
| Chordata: 60,979 | Shafin: 106 | Lambar kwanan wata: 1,340 |
| Cnidaria: 9,795 | Mollusca: 85,000 | Juyawa: 2,180 |
| Crustacea: 47,000 | Monoblastozoa: 1 | Shafin: 144 |
| Ctenophora: 166 | Adadin: 16,072 | Shafin: 208 |
| Cycliophora: 1 | Nematoda: <25,000 | Baƙi: 1,045 |
| Dalibai: 12,000 | Takardar bayanai: 331 | Adadin: 2,566 |
Subspecies na jinsunan shuke -shuke
| Amborellaceae: 1 | Daidaitawa: 15 | Marchantiophyta: 9,000 |
| Angiosperms: 254,247 | Eudicotyledoneae 175,000 | Monoctyledons: 70,000 |
| Anthocerotophyta 100 | Gymnosperms: 831 | Yawan: 15,000 |
| Austrobaileyales: 100 | Ginkgophyta: 1 | Nymphaeaceae: 70 |
| Bryophyta: 24,100 | Shafin: 80 | Lambobi: 110 |
| Ceratophyllaceae: 6 | Farashin: 12,480 | Sauran conifers: 400 |
| Chloranthaceae: 70 | Lissafi: 1,200 | Shekaru: 220 |
| Saukewa: 130C | Magnoliidae: 9,000 | Psilotals: 15 |
| Dotots: 184,247 | Marattiopsida 240 | Pterophyta: 11,000 |
Ƙungiyoyin nau'in protista
| Alamar: 160 | Dictyphyceae: 15 | Mixogastria:> 900 |
| Actinophryidae: 5 | Dinoflagellata: 2,000 | Saukewa: 160-180 |
| Alveolata: 11,500 | Shekara: 1520 | Shafin: 400 |
| Alamar:> 3,000 | Takardar bayanai: 655 | Opisthokonta |
| Saukewa: 6,000 | Eustigmatophyceae: 15 | Sauran amoebozoa: 35 |
| Bayani: 12 | Saukewa: 2,318 | Parabasalia: 466 |
| Arcellinide: 1,100 | Farashin:> 10,000 | Pelagophyceae: 12 |
| Archaeplastida | Fasikanci: 146 | Farashin da aka bude: 676 |
| Bacillariophyta: 10,000-20,000 | Glaucophyta: 13 | Phaeophyceae: 1,500-2,000 |
| Bicosoecida: 72 | Haplosporidia: 31 | Phaeothamniophyceae: 25 |
| Cikakken: <500 | Haptophyta: 350 | Pinguiophyceae: 5 |
| Cigaba: 120 | Heterokontophyta: 20,000 | Polycystinea: 700-1,000 |
| Shekara: 167 | Harshen magana: 80 | Shafin: 96 |
| Chromista: 20,420 | Hyphochytriales: 25 | Protostelia: 36 |
| Chrysophyceae: 1,000 | Jakobida: 10 | Raphidophyceae: 20 |
| Ciliophora: 3,500 | Labyrinthulomycetes: 40 | Rhizaria:> 11,900 |
| Cryptophyta: 70 | Shafin: 180 | Rhodophyta: 4,000-6,000 |
| Dictyostelia:> 100 | Matsayi: 47 | Synurophyceae: 200 |
Ƙananan nau'ikan fungi da lichens
| Ascomycota: ~ 30,000 | Basidiomycota: ~ 22,250 | Wasu (microfungi): ~ 30,000 |
