Hardware da Software

Wadatacce

• Misalai na kayan aiki
• Misalan software
• Iya bauta maka

A cikin kwamfuta, sharuddan hardware da software sun yi nuni ga fannoni daban -daban na kowane tsarin kwamfuta: na zahiri da na dijital bi da bi, jiki da ruhin kowace kwamfuta.

Thehardware Sassan sassan jiki ne waɗanda ke haɗa jikin tsarin kwamfuta: faranti, da'irori, na'urori da na'urorin lantarki, gami da sarrafawa, tallafi da haɗi.

A zahiri, ana iya rarrabasu da yin odar kayan aiki gwargwadon aikinsa a cikin tsarin tsarin gaba ɗaya:

• Processing hardware. Zuciyar tsarin tana shiga, tana kirgawa kuma tana warware ayyukan da ake buƙata don aiwatar da ita.
• Hardware na ajiya. Yana aiki don ƙunsar bayanai da bayanan tsarin. Zai iya zama na farko (na ciki) ko na sakandare (mai cirewa).
• Kayan aiki na gefe. Yana da saitin abubuwan haɗe -haɗe da kayan haɗi waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin tsarin don samar da sabbin ayyuka.
• Input hardware. Yana ba da damar shigar da bayanai cikin tsarin ta mai amfani ko mai aiki, ko daga hanyoyin sadarwa da tsarin.
• Fitarwa hardware. Yana ba da damar cire bayanai daga tsarin ko aika zuwa hanyoyin sadarwar.
• Mixed hardware. Yana cika ayyukan shigarwa da fitarwa a lokaci guda.

The software Abun ciki ne na tsarin: saitin shirye -shirye, umarni da harsuna waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka kuma suna aiki azaman mai dubawa tare da mai amfani. Hakanan, ana iya rarrabe software ɗin gwargwadon babban aikinsa a cikin:

• System ko software na asali (OS). Su ke kula da tsara yadda tsarin ke aiki da kuma tabbatar da kula da shi. Yawancin lokaci ana haɗa su cikin tsarin kafin mai amfani ya isa gare shi. Misali Windows 10.
• app software. Duk waɗancan ƙarin shirye -shiryen waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin kwamfutar da zarar an shigar da tsarin aiki wanda ke ba da damar aiwatar da ɗimbin ayyuka masu yuwuwar, daga masu sarrafa kalma zuwa masu binciken Intanet ko kayan aikin ƙira ko wasannin bidiyo. Misali Chrome, Paint.

Gaba ɗaya, hardware kuma software suna haɗe gaba ɗaya tsarin kwamfuta.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Software Kyauta

Misalai na kayan aiki

1. Masu saka idanuko fuska, wanda bayanai da matakai ke nunawa ga mai amfani. Galibi ana ɗaukar su kayan masarufi, kodayake akwai masu saka idanu na taɓawa waɗanda ke ba da damar shigar da bayanai suma (gauraye).
2. Keyboard da linzamin kwamfuta, tsoffin hanyoyin shigar ko shigar da bayanai ta mai amfani, na farko ta maballin (maɓallan) kuma na biyu ta hanyar motsi musamman.
3. Bidiyo-kyamarori. Hakanan kira kyamarorin yanar gizoTun lokacin da suka shahara da zuwan Intanet da taron bidiyo, su hoto ne na al'ada da tsarin shigar da sauti.
4. Mai sarrafawa. Babban CPU (Bangaren Tsarin Tsakiya.
5. Katin cibiyar sadarwa. Saitin hanyoyin lantarki da aka haɗa zuwa motherboard na CPU kuma hakan yana ba kwamfutar damar yin hulɗa tare da hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai daban -daban a nesa.
6. Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar RAM. Circuits waɗanda ke haɗawa cikin tsarin daban -daban na hanyoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na bazuwar (RAM inda za a aiwatar da matakai daban -daban na tsarin.
7. Masu bugawa. Yankuna na gama gari waɗanda ke jujjuya bayanan dijital da tsarin ke sarrafawa (fitarwa) zuwa takarda. Akwai samfura da halaye iri -iri, wasu daga cikinsu har ma suna ba da damar shigar da bayanai daga na'urar daukar hotan takardu (gauraye).
8. Scanners. Hanyoyin shigar da bayanai, waɗanda ke digitize abubuwan da aka shigar a cikin mafi kyawun amfani da kwafin hoto ko fax ɗin da suka lalace yanzu, kuma suna ba da damar sake buga shi na dijital don aikawa, ajiya ko gyarawa.
9. Modem. Bangaren sadarwa, galibi ana haɗa shi cikin kwamfutar, ke da alhakin sarrafa ƙa'idodin watsa bayanai (fitarwa) don haɗi zuwa hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta.
10. Hard drives. Mafi kyawun kayan aikin ajiya, yana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanan kowane tsarin kwamfuta kuma yana ba da damar adana bayanan da mai amfani ya shigar. Ba a cirewa kuma yana cikin CPU.
11. Mai karanta CD / DVD. Tsarin karatu (kuma sau da yawa yana rubutu, wato, gauraye) na fayafai masu cirewa a cikin faifan CD ko DVD (ko duka biyun). Ana amfani da shi don cirewa da adana bayanai daga kafofin watsa labaru, don hakar sa ta zahiri da canja wuri, ko sake shigar da shi cikin tsarin daga matrices na asali.
12. Pendrivers. Canja wurin canja wurin bayanai mafi dacewa da ake samu har zuwa yau, yana ba ku damar hanzarta shigar da cire bayanai daga tsarin zuwa cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ɗauka cikin aljihu. Yana haɗi ta tashoshin USB kuma galibi yana da sauri, mai sauƙi kuma mai hankali.
13. Batirin lantarki. Kodayake yana iya zama ba kamar shi ba, tushen wutar lantarki shine kayan haɗi mai mahimmanci don tsarin, musamman a cikin kwamfutoci ko na'urorin dijital masu ɗaukuwa, amma kuma a kan tebur ko waɗanda aka gyara, tunda yana ba da damar kiyaye wasu ɓangarorin tsarin koyaushe suna aiki, kamar waɗanda ke da alhakin. don ci gaba da lokaci da kwanan wata, ko makamancin bayanin.
14. Floppy tafiyarwa. Yanzu ya ɓace a duniya, floppy drives suna karantawa da rubuta bayanai akan faifan diski, mashahurin wurin ajiya a shekarun 1980 da 1990. A yau ba wani abu bane illa relic.
15. Katin bidiyo. Mai kama da na cibiyar sadarwa, amma an mai da hankali kan sarrafa bayanan gani, suna ba da damar mafi girman bayanai da ingantattun bayanai akan allon, kuma samfuran samfuran galibi suna da mahimmanci don aiwatar da software na ƙira ko ma wasannin bidiyo na sinima.

Misalan software

1. Microsoft Windows. Wataƙila mafi mashahuri tsarin aiki a duniya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin dubunnan kwamfutocin IBM kuma hakan yana ba da damar gudanarwa da hulɗar sassan komfuta daban -daban daga muhallin mai amfani, dangane da tagogin da ke kan layi tare da bayanan.
2. Mozilla Firefox. Ofaya daga cikin mashahuran masu binciken Intanet, akwai don saukewa kyauta. Yana ba da damar hulɗa da mai amfani tare da Duniyar Yanar Gizo, kazalika da gudanar da binciken bayanai da sauran nau'ikan mu'amala ta kama -da -wane.
3. Microsoft Word. Wataƙila mashahurin mai sarrafa kalma a duniya, ɓangaren Microsoft Office suite, wanda ya haɗa da kayan aiki don kasuwanci, sarrafa bayanai, ginin gabatarwa, da ƙari.
4. Google Chrome. Browser na Google ya sanya yanayin haske da sauri a fagen masu binciken Intanet kuma cikin sauri ya zama sananne tsakanin masu son Intanet. Nasarar da ta samu ita ce ta buɗe ƙofar ayyukan don tsarin sarrafa Google da sauran software masu zuwa.
5. Adobe Photoshop. Aikace -aikace don gyara hoto, haɓaka abun ciki na ƙira na gani da sake fasalin hoto daban -daban, kayan ado da sauran su, daga kamfanin Adobe Inc. Babu shakka sanannen software ne a duniyar ƙirar hoto.
6. Microsoft Excel. Wani kayan aiki daga ɗakin Microsoft Office, wannan lokacin don ƙirƙirar da sarrafa bayanan bayanai da teburin bayanai. Yana da matukar amfani ga ayyukan gudanarwa da lissafin kuɗi.
7. SkypeMashahurin software na sadarwa, wanda ke ba ku damar yin kiran bidiyo ko ma taron bidiyo akan Intanet kyauta. Ko da ba ku da kyamara ko ba ku son amfani da shi, yana iya zama misalin kiran tarho, ta amfani da bayanai maimakon motsawar tarho.
8. CCleaner.Kayan tsabtatawa da kayan aiki na dijital don tsarin aiki na kwamfuta, mai iya ganowa da kawar da software mara kyau (ƙwayoyin cuta, malware) da karɓar kurakuran rajista ko wasu sakamakon amfani da tsarin da kansa.
9. AVG riga -kafi. Aikace -aikacen tsaro: yana kare tsarin daga kutse mai yuwuwa ta ɓangarori na uku ko software mara kyau daga cibiyoyin sadarwar da suka kamu ko wasu kafofin watsa labarai na ajiya. Yana aiki azaman rigakafin dijital da garkuwar kariya.
10. Winamp. Mai kunna kiɗan duka tsarin IBM da Macintosh yana da kyauta don rarrabawa kuma yana ci gaba da abubuwan da ke faruwa a rediyon intanet, kwasfan fayiloli da ƙari.
11. Nero CD / DVD Burner. Daga amfani, wannan kayan aikin ya ba ku damar sarrafa faifan CD ko DVD ɗin ku da kanku, muddin kuna da kayan aikin da suka dace.
12. Mai kunna VLC. Software na sake kunna bidiyo a cikin nau'ikan matsawa daban -daban, yana ba da damar nuna multimedia na sauti da hotuna da ake buƙata don kallon fina -finai ko jerin a cikin dijital.
13. Comix. Shahararren mai kallon wasan kwaikwayo na dijital, wanda ke ba ku damar buɗe fayilolin hoto na tsari daban -daban don samun ƙwarewar karatu kwatankwacin na barkwanci na zahiri, da ikon tantance girman, zuƙowa hoton, da sauransu.
14. OneNote. Ana amfani da wannan kayan aikin don ɗauka da sarrafa bayanan sirri, kamar littafin rubutu a aljihunka. Amfani da shi, kuna da damar isa ga jerin abubuwa, bayanin kula ko tunatarwa, don haka shima yana aiki azaman ajanda.
15. MediaMonkey. Aikace -aikacen da ke ba ku damar sake bugawa, yin oda da sarrafa kiɗa da fayilolin bidiyo, ta hanyar jerin ɗakunan karatu waɗanda ke halartar marubuci, kundi, da sauran bayanan da suka dace, gami da daidaita su da na'urorin hannu kamar masu kiɗan kiɗa da wayoyin hannu.

Iya bauta maka

• Misalan Hardware
• Misalan Software
• Misalan Na'urorin Shigarwa
• Misalan Na'urorin Fitarwa
• Misalan Hanyoyin Haɗakarwa