Wadatacce
The son juna nau'i ne na mu'amala tsakanin kwayoyin halittu daban -daban. An sifanta shi saboda, godiya ga wannan alaƙar, dukkanin halittun sun haɗa da fa'ida, suna haɓaka ƙwarewar ilimin halittu (damar rayuwa da haifuwa azaman nau'in).
Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe rarrabuwar kawuna daga sauran nau'ikan mu'amala tsakanin halittu:
- Parasitism: Lokacin da kwayoyin halittu ke ciyar da wani, suna cutar da shi amma ba tare da sun kashe shi ba.
- Amincewa: Yana faruwa lokacin da jinsi ɗaya ke amfana daga alaƙar, yayin da ɗayan kuma ba a amfana ko cutar da shi.
- Kwarewa: Yana faruwa lokacin da nau'o'i daban -daban guda biyu suka dogara kan albarkatu guda. Misali, idan iri biyu masu cin gandun daji suna cin dabbobi iri daya, dole ne su yi gasa don samun abinci. Dangantakar gasa tana faruwa lokacin da kasancewar wani nau'in yana da mummunan tasiri akan wani kuma akasin haka.
- Tsinkaya: Yana faruwa lokacin da wani nau'in ke ciyar da wani.
- Haɗin kai: Dukansu nau'ikan suna amfana amma kuma suna iya rayuwa daban.
Ba kamar sauran hanyoyin mu'amala ba, haɗin kai wani muhimmin al'amari ne ga rayuwa da ci gaban dukkan nau'o'in halittu biyu.
Wasu marubuta suna amfani symbiosis a matsayin ma'anar kalmar son juna yayin da wasu ke ɗaukar son juna a matsayin alamar magana kawai a lokuta da alaƙar ba ta da mahimmanci don rayuwa.
Nau'in haɗin kai na iya zama:
- Resource - Albarkatu: Dabbobi biyu da ke cikin alakar suna samun irin albarkatun iri ɗaya. Misali, su biyun suna samun abincin da ba za su iya samu da kan su ba.
- Sabis - Albarkatu: Ofaya daga cikin nau'in yana amfana daga albarkatu kuma yana ba da sabis.
- Sabis - Sabis: Dukansu nau'o'in suna amfana daga sabis ɗin da ɗayan ke bayarwa.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Symbiosis
- Misalan Sarkar Abinci
- Misalan Coevolution
Misalan juna
Mycorrhiza da Tsire -tsire
Su ne alaƙar alaƙa tsakanin naman gwari da tushen tsirran ƙasa. Naman gwari yana karɓar carbohydrates da bitamin waɗanda ba za su iya haɗa kansu ba.
Shuka tana karɓar ma'adanai da ruwa. Mycorrhiza yana da mahimmanci don rayuwar tsirrai wanda aka kiyasta ya kasance tsakanin 90 zuwa 95% na nau'ikan ƙasa. Wannan alaƙa ce ta albarkatu, tunda duka tsire-tsire da fungi suna karɓar abubuwan gina jiki.
Ƙasa
Ita ce takamaiman alaƙa tsakanin dabba da shuka angiosperm. Shuka Angiosperm sune waɗanda ke da furanni tare da stamens (gabobin haihuwa na maza) da carpels (gabobin haihuwa na mata). Furannin da ke da stamens su ne waɗanda ke da pollen, wanda dole ne ya kai carpels na wasu furanni don cimma haifuwar shuka.
Wasu dabbobi suna aiki a matsayin masu gurɓataccen iska, wato, masu safarar pollen daga wannan fure zuwa wancan. Masu rarrafewa na iya zama ƙudan zuma, kudan zuma, tururuwa, kuda, malam buɗe ido, ƙwaro, da tsuntsaye. Wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa na iya zama masu gurɓataccen iska, kamar jemagu, wasu marsupials, beraye, da birai. Wannan dangantaka ce ta sabis-sabis, tunda dabbobi suna ba da sabis na tsinkaye yayin da tsire-tsire ke ba da albarkatun tsirrai ko pollen.
Ruminants da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
A cikin hanji na masu rudani (dabbobin da ke narkewa a matakai biyu) akwai al'ummomin microorganisms wanda ke ba su damar narkar da cellulose a cikin abincin su. Kwayoyin halittu suma suna cin gajiyar abincin da aka samu.
Anemone da clown kifi
Anemone na teku yana da kamannin fure, yana da siffa daidai. Yana fitar da wani abu mai guba da ake kira actinoporins, wanda ke da tasirin gurguntawa. Clownfish (amphiprioninae) suna da ja, ruwan hoda, baƙi, rawaya, lemu, ko farar fata.
Dabbobi daban -daban na kifin kifi suna da alaƙa da nau'ikan anemones daban -daban. Wadannan kifayen ba su da kariya daga actinoporins, wanda ke ba su damar motsawa tsakanin tantin anemone, inda suke samun mafaka, abinci, da kariya daga manyan kifi. Anemone yana da fa'ida saboda kifin yana kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran kwayoyin da ke cutar da shi. Wannan dangantakar sabis ce - sabis.
Acacia da tururuwa
Acacia cornígera ko ƙaho na bijimi shrub ne wanda zai iya kaiwa tsayin mita 10. Sunanta ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa tana da manyan ramuka masu ramuka masu kama da ƙahonin bijimi. Tururuwa suna rayuwa a cikin gungumen azaba, suna cin abincin sugars da shuka ke samarwa.
Itacen yana da fa'ida daga kariyar tururuwa daga dabbobin da ke cin ganye waɗanda za su iya cin harbe -harbensa, suna iyakance girma da rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, tururuwa suna cin wasu tsirrai da ke kusa da ƙanƙara, suna kawar da yuwuwar alaƙar gasa don albarkatu kamar ruwa, rana da abubuwan gina jiki.
Tururuwa da aphids
Aphids (aphididae) kwari ne waɗanda ba su da alaƙa ko kuma suna da alaƙa da ƙura. Aphids sune parasites na tsire -tsire na angiosperm. A cikinsu suna yin ƙananan ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki, daga inda suke tsotse ruwan.
Tururuwa suna zuwa wurin aphids kuma suna goge su da eriyarsu. Daga nan sai aphid ya ɓoye ruwan zuma, sinadarin da ke hidimar tururuwa a matsayin abinci. Aphids suna amfana daga kasancewar tururuwa, waɗanda ke kare su daga sauran nau'in.
Kifi da prawns
Kudan zuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da aka samu akan fatar wasu kifaye. Dukansu jinsunan suna samun fa'ida iri ɗaya kamar yadda a cikin alaƙar da ke tsakanin hippos da tsuntsaye da buffaloes da herons.
Lichens da algae
Waɗannan su ne fungi waɗanda ke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin algae akan farfajiyarsu. 25% na nau'in fungal suna amfani da wannan ƙungiyar. Fa'idar da naman gwari ke samu shine carbon da algae ya gyara ta godiya ga photosynthesis da suke aiwatarwa. Algae yana fa'ida saboda suna iya daidaitawa zuwa matsanancin mazaunin.
Toad da gizo -gizo
Tarantula babban nau'in gizo -gizo ne. Yana ba wa ƙanƙara mai bakin ciki damar ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin raminsa ta hanyar kare shi daga ƙwayoyin cuta da kula da ƙwai. Toad yana amfana daga kariyar tarantula.
Herons da buffalo
Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) tsuntsu ne na pelecaniform. A Afirka, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna bin alfarma, dawa, dawa, da kaffir. Mafi sanannen nau'in haɗin kai shine wanda aka kafa tare da buffaloes, daga wanda suke cire ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suke ciyarwa akan su. Wannan sabis ne - alaƙar albarkatu.
Kifi da makaho prawn
Goby na Luther kifi ne mai kyakkyawar gani wanda ba shi da makamai. Makaho prawn yana haƙa kogo ko rami a saman teku wanda ke ba su damar kare kansu. Kyankyasar tana da fa'ida saboda tana raka kifi lokacin da zai fita neman abinci, tare da eriyarsa a jikin kifin, wanda ke nuna masa hanya kuma ya faɗakar da shi ga masu farauta.
Hippos da tsuntsaye
Hakazalika da buffaloes, wasu tsuntsaye suna cin abinci akan parasites da aka samu akan fatar hippos. Hippo yana da fa'ida daga kawar da ƙwayoyin da ke cutar da shi yayin da tsuntsu ba kawai yana ciyarwa ba har ma yana samun kariyar hippopotamus.
Iya bauta maka
- Misalan Symbiosis
- Misalai na Commensalism
- Misalan Sarkar Abinci
- Misalan Parasitism
- Misalan Coevolution
