Wadatacce
The altruism Halin ɗan adam ne wanda mutane ke aiki don fifita sauran takwarorinsu ba tare da tsammanin samun wani abu ba. An fahimci, to, altruism kawai yana bi ne daga a kaunar makwabci wanda ke kai mutum ga sadaukarwa don amfanin wani. A lokuta da yawa, ana fahimtar altruism azaman ma'anar son kai.
Akwai wasu marubuta masu mahimmanci irin su Jean Jacques Rousseau waɗanda ke ɗaukar cewa ɗan adam, a cikin yanayin sa, altruistic mutum. Wasu, a gefe guda, irin su Thomas Hobbes ko John Stuart Mill, a cikin karatunsu sun ɗauki ɗan adam a matsayin dabba mai son kai. Karatuttukan kwanan nan, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ilmin halitta fiye da falsafa, sun tabbatar da cewa altruism yana bayyana a cikin maza a cikin watanni 18 na rayuwa.
Altruism a cikin addini
Yankin da tambayar altruism ke kasancewa koyaushe shine addini, musamman a cikin addinan da ke raye a yau da suke Kiristanci, Yahudanci, Musulunci, Buddha, da Hindu. Dukkansu suna amfani da alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɗan adam da Allahnsu a matsayin dalilin yin aiki da son rai, wato don amfanin waɗanda suka fi buƙata.
Adadi mai yawa na sadaukarwa wanda haruffan labaran addini ke yi don fifita alummomin su, galibi nassoshi ne na halayen masu aminci. Yana da ban sha'awa a yi tunani, a wannan lokacin, yadda duk da halin son kai na addinai daban -daban, a kowane hali, yaƙe -yaƙe da rikice -rikice da yawa sun wanzu kuma suna ci gaba da yin hakan da sunan Allah.
Tattalin arziƙi
Wani yanki inda altruism ya bayyana yana cikin tattalin arziƙi, amma yana yin hakan ne kawai a wasu fannoni na tattalin arziƙi da na neoclassical, wanda shine wanda ke cikin yawancin littattafan karatu da shawarwarin siyasa.
Daidai tattalin arziƙi yana zuwa don yin tambaya game da ainihin tunanin tattalin arziƙin gargajiya, wanda ke ɗaukar mutum yana haɓaka amfanin kansa kawai. Ana iya sake tunanin tattalin arziƙin, gwargwadon ikon masana tattalin arziƙi, la'akari da fa'idar da wasu ke bayarwa.
Misalan altruism
- Ƙungiyoyin agaji wani nau'i ne na nuna haɗin kai irin na zamaninmu. Don inganta su, galibi gwamnatoci suna ƙirƙirar abubuwan da za su ƙarfafa su don shiga cikin su, kamar cire haraji daga waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa. Koyaya, wannan ya sabawa ɗayan ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin altruism, wanda ba shine samun fa'idodi ba.
- A cikin addinin yahudawa, tambayar altruism tana da ƙarin hali, yana ƙarfafa mahimmancin rashin tsammanin komai a cikin rashi: an ɗauki mafi girman alherin kamar wanda wanda ke aikata nagarta bai san wanda ya karɓa ba, da wanda ya karba, ya karba shima bai san wanda yayi ba.
- Lokacin da mutum ya ɓace a kan titi, ko bai san yaren ba, kusanta don yi musu bayani da taimaka musu ƙaramin aikin altruistic ne.
- Sau da yawa iyalai daga ƙasashe masu kyakkyawar tattalin arziƙi suna ɗaukar yaran da ke da wata matsala tare da danginsu ko a ƙasarsu ta asali, cikin halin son kai.
- Duk da cewa aiki ne da ake biyan kuɗi, akwai ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ba sa gane malamai da likitoci ta yadda suka cancanta, kuma sana'arsu mai gajiya tana da yanayin aljanu fiye da na son rai.
- Ba da gudummawar jini da ba da gudummawar gabobi babban aiki ne na son kai, gwargwadon yadda yake neman alherin wasu ba tare da tsammanin samun lada ba.
- A cikin tsarin ilimi akwai dama da yawa don zama masu nuna son kai, misali taimakawa abokan ajin da ba su fahimci batutuwan ba idan mutum zai iya fahimtar su cikin sauki.
- A cikin addinin Kiristanci, Yesu Kristi shine babban misali na altruism. Ayyukansa shi ne ya ba da ransa don 'yan'uwansa a duniya, sannan ya ƙyale su su gicciye shi kawai don ceton su.
