40 Misalan mafita - Encyclopedia

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Abun da ke cikin abubuwa daban -daban guda biyu a ciki ana kiransa mafita, ko da sun kasance abubuwa biyu ne na yanayi ɗaya na tarawa ko biyu daban. Ya zama dole don abun da ke ciki ya zama cakuda iri ɗaya, wato, don samar da tsarin da abin da ya bayyana a ƙasa da yawa (wanda ake kira solute) shiga wani wanda ya bayyana da yawa (wanda ake kira sauran ƙarfi) al'ada canza wasu halaye na zahiri. Rabon solute a cikin sauran ƙarfi shine abin da ake kira taro, kuma galibi mafita iri ɗaya na iya bayyana a cikin yawa.

Jihohi daban -daban na tara abubuwa sun ba da damar samar da mafita a cikin kowane ji. Don haka, ana iya gane mafita a yawancin hankula (gas zuwa ruwa ko akasin haka, tsakanin iskar gas ko tsakanin ruwa). Mafi qarancin yawa, ba tare da wata shakka ba, shine na rushewa tsakanin abubuwa masu ƙarfi, wanda saboda halayensa ya fi rikitarwa a gare su don samun rushewa kamar waɗanda aka bayyana. Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin sun ɓace ba kuma ana yawan samun su a tsakanin ƙarfe.

Yana da al'ada cewa kasantuwar kwayoyin solute a cikin wani kaushi yana canza kaddarorin kaitsaye da kansa. Misali, wurin narkewa da wurin tafasa yana canzawa, yana ƙaruwa da ɗimbin ɗimbin halayensa, da kuma launinsa. Akwai dangantakar lissafi tsakanin jimlar adadin ƙwayoyin sunadarai da na sauran ƙarfi da bambancin da ke narkewa da tafasa, wanda Roult na chemist na Faransa ya gano.

A bayyane yake, mutane suna tuntuɓar mafita na dindindin, ba tare da wata shakka ba sa farko akan wannan jerin iska, wanda shine rushewar abubuwan gaseous: mafi yawan abun da ke cikin sa shine sinadarin nitrogen (78%) kuma sauran sun mamaye 21% na oxygen da 1% na sauran abubuwan da aka gyara, kodayake waɗannan adadin na iya bambanta kaɗan. Duk da haka, iska tana cikin nau'ikan mafita tunda haɗin abubuwan ba ya haifar da haɗin gwiwa amma kawai gas ɗin yana wurin, yana samar da abin da rayuwar ɗan adam da dabbobin da ke numfashi ba zai yiwu ba.

Jerin da ke tafe zai haɗa da misalai arba'in na mafita, suna nuna yanayin haɗewa da haɗin ke yi, mai narkewa a cikin sauran ƙarfi.

Air (gas a gas): Haɗin gas, inda nitrogen ke aiki azaman mafi yawan.
Pumice (gas mai ƙarfi): Haɗin iskar gas a cikin daskararre (wanda shine ainihin ruwa wanda ya bi ta hanyar ƙarfafawa) yana haifar da dutsen, tare da kaddarorin da ke da alaƙa da shi.
Man shanu (ruwa mai ƙarfi).
Hayaki (daskararre a cikin gas): Ana lalata iska ta bayyanar hayaƙi daga wuta, a cikin menene mafita inda iska ke aiki azaman mai ƙarfi.
Sauran gami tsakanin karafa (m zuwa m)
Aerosol fesa (ruwa a cikin gas)
Fuskar fuska (ruwa a cikin ruwa)
Ƙurar ƙura ta yanayi (mai ƙarfi a cikin gas): Kasancewar daskararru (rugujewar kusan ga nahiya mai rarrabuwa amma a ƙarshe daskararru) a cikin gas shine misalin rushewa a wannan ma'anar.
Karfe (mai ƙarfi cikin ƙarfi): Alloy tsakanin baƙin ƙarfe da carbon, tare da mafi girman rabo na tsohon.
Carbonated abubuwan sha(gas a cikin ruwa): Abin sha na carbonated yana da, kusan ta ainihin ma'anar su, rushewar gas a cikin ruwa.
Amalgam (ruwa mai ƙarfi)
Mai (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Haɗuwa da abubuwan da suka haɗa ta (yawancin carbon ne) yana haifar da rushewa tsakanin ruwa.
Butane a cikin iska (gas a cikin gas): Butane abu ne wanda ke ba da damar tattara gas a cikin bututu, a shirye don amfani da shi azaman mai.
Oxygen a cikin ruwan teku (gas a cikin ruwa)
Abin sha tare da abun ciki na barasa (ruwa a cikin ruwa)
Kofi tare da madara (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Ruwa tare da babban abun ciki yana karɓar ɗan wani, wanda ke wakiltar canji na launi da dandano.
Tashi (iskar gas zuwa gas): Gabatar da iskar da ba ta kebanci da yanayin ba yana haifar da canjin iska, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri ga al'ummomin da ke numfashi: idan aka fi mai da hankali, zai yi illa sosai.
Kumburin aski (gas a cikin ruwa): Gas ɗin da aka matsa a cikin gwangwani yana gauraye da ruwa waɗanda ke da halayen kumfa, don nemo cakuda mai kauri wanda aikinsa shine shirya fata don aski.
Gishiri a cikin ruwa (m cikin ruwa)
Jini (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Babban sinadarin shine plasma (ruwa), kuma a cikinsa wasu abubuwa ke bayyana, daga cikinsu jajayen kwayoyin jini suka yi fice.
Ammoniya cikin ruwa (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Wannan maganin (wanda kuma ana iya yin shi daga gas zuwa ruwa) yana aiki ga kayan tsaftacewa da yawa.
Air tare da alamun zafi (ruwa a cikin gas)
Karfe mai kumfa (iskar gas)
Ruwan foda (mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa): Ana narkar da foda a cikin ruwa kuma yana haifar da amsa wanda nan da nan ya bayyana ra'ayoyin solute da sauran ƙarfi.
Deodorant (gas mai ƙarfi)
Hydrogen a cikin palladium (iskar gas)
Kwayoyin cutar iska (daskararre a cikin gas): Kamar ƙura na sararin samaniya, waɗannan ƙananan raka'a ne na ƙarfi da gas ke ɗauka.
Mercury a azurfa (ruwa mai ƙarfi)
Tusa (ruwa a cikin gas): Shi ne dakatar da kananun digo na ruwa a cikin iska, bayan saduwa da iskar iska mai sanyi.
Mothballs a cikin iska (gas mai ƙarfi)
The shayi (mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa): Ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan (granites na ambulaf) yana narkewa akan ruwa.
Ruwan sarauta (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Haɗin acid wanda ke ba da damar narkar da ƙarfe daban -daban, gami da zinare.
Tagulla (m cikin m): Alloy tsakanin tagulla da kwano.
Lemun tsami (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Ko da yake sau da yawa cakuda yana tsakanin m da ruwa, a zahiri ruwa ne da ke cikin wannan daskararren, kamar ruwan lemo.
Peroxide (gas a cikin ruwa)
Tagulla (mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfi): Shi ne gami tsakanin tsayayyen jan ƙarfe da zinc.
Hydrogen a cikin platinum (M cikin gas)
Sanyin kankara (mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa): Ana shigar da kankara cikin ruwa kuma yana sanyaya shi, yayin da yake narkewa. Idan an gabatar da shi cikin ruwa, shine yanayin musamman wanda shine abu ɗaya.
Magani na jiki (ruwa a cikin ruwa): Ruwa yana aiki azaman mai narkewa kuma abubuwa da yawa na ruwa suna aiki azaman solute.
Masu santsi (daskararru a cikin ruwa): Ta hanyar murkushewa, haɗarin daskararru zuwa ruwa yana haifar. Duk da haka, haɗin da kanta yana haifar da wani abu mai narkewa wanda bai isa ya ba shi ɗanɗanar da liquefaction ke bayarwa ba.