Wadatacce
A cewar ka'idodin zahiri na thermodynamicsSanannen abu ne cewa zafin jiki wani abu ne wanda ba ya dawwama a cikin jiki, amma ana canja shi daga ɗayan zuwa wani: alƙawarin koyaushe iri ɗaya ne, tunda zafin yana wucewa daga abubuwa masu yawan zafin jiki zuwa ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan.
Akwai dabaru da yawa na lissafin lissafi da suka yi daidai da kimiyyar lissafi da sunadarai waɗanda ke son bayyana waɗannan hanyoyin canja wurin zafi, amma babban abu shine cewa suna faruwa a ƙarƙashin hanyoyi daban -daban guda uku: jagora, watsawa da radiation.
Misalan Tuki
Menene tuki?The tuki Shi ne tsari wanda zafi ke yaɗuwa daga shi saboda zafin ɗumbin ƙwayoyin, ba tare da an sami ainihin ƙaura daga gare su ba. Yana da tsari mai sauƙi don fahimta kuma a lokaci guda 'ganuwa ' kamar yadda kawai canja wurin zafi ke faruwa, ba tare da wani abu na zahiri ba.
The tuki Shi ne dalilin da ya sa abubuwa, a cikin ƙaramin lokaci ko ƙasa da haka, suka ƙare samun zafin jiki iri ɗaya a duk tsawon su. Wasu misalai na tuki:
- Tare da kayan aiki don sarrafa gawayi ko wasu abubuwa masu tsananin zafi. Idan tsawonsa ya fi guntu, canja wurin zafi zai yi sauri kuma ba za a taɓa kowane ƙarshen ba.
- Ice a cikin kwano na ruwan zafi yana narkewa ta hanyar sarrafawa.
- Lokacin da ruwa ya tafasa, harshen wuta yana kai zafi zuwa kwantena kuma bayan wani lokaci yana ba da damar ruwan ya yi zafi.
- Zafin cokali lokacin da kuka saka shi cikin akwati ku zuba miya mai zafi sosai.
- Ana amfani da wukake da cokula masu amfani da katako don karya yadda ake yin zafi.
Misalai na Juyawa
Menene convection? The convection Shi ne watsawar zafi bisa ainihin motsi na ƙwayoyin abubuwa: wani ruwa wanda zai iya zama iskar gas ko ruwa a cikinsa.
The convective zafi watsa Ana iya samar da shi kawai a cikin ruwaye wanda ta hanyar motsi na halitta (ruwan yana fitar da zafi daga yanki mai zafi kuma yana canza ɗimbin yawa) ko rarrabawar tilasta (ruwan yana motsawa ta hanyar fan), barbashi na iya motsa jigilar zafi ba tare da katse ci gaban jiki ba. jiki. Anan akwai jerin misalan convection:
- Canja wurin zafi daga murhu.
- Balloons masu zafi, waɗanda iska mai zafi ke ajiye su cikin iska. Idan ya huce, balon nan take ya fara faɗuwa.
- Lokacin da tururin ruwa ke girgiza gilashin a cikin gidan wanka, saboda zafin zafin ruwan yayin wanka.
- Na'urar busar da hannu ko na'urar busar da gashi, wacce ke watsa zafi ta hanyar tilasta tilastawa.
- Canja wurin zafi da jikin mutum ke samarwa lokacin da mutum ba takalmi.
Duba kuma: Misalai na Thermal Equilibrium
Misalan Radiation
Menene radiation? The radiation Ita ce zafin da jiki ke fitarwa saboda zafinsa, a tsarin da ba shi da hulɗa tsakanin gaɓoɓi ko ruwan tsaka -tsaki da ke ɗaukar zafi.
The radiation saboda akwai kakkarfan jiki ko ruwa mai zafin jiki fiye da wani, akwai saurin canja wurin zafi daga wannan zuwa wancan. Abun mamaki shine na watsawar raƙuman ruwa na electromagnetic, waɗanda jikinsu ke fitarwa a yanayin zafi sama da cikakkiyar sifili: mafi girman zafin jiki, sannan mafi girman waɗancan raƙuman ruwa zasu kasance.
Wannan shine abin da ke bayanin hakan radiation zai iya faruwa ne muddin dai gawarwakin suna cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi. Anan akwai rukunin misalai inda radiation ke faruwa:
- A watsa na electromagnetic raƙuman ruwa ta microwave tanda.
- Zafin da radiator ke fitarwa.
- Solar ultraviolet radiation, daidai tsarin da ke ƙayyade zafin duniya.
- Hasken da ke fitarwa ta fitila mai haskakawa.
- Fitowar haskoki gamma ta tsakiya.
Hanyoyin canja wurin zafi suna ƙaruwa da rage zafin yanayin jikin da abin ya shafa, amma kuma a lokuta (kamar yadda aka misalta da kankara) suna da alhakin abubuwan da suka faru. canje -canje lokaci, kamar tafasasshen ruwa a ciki tururi, ko narkewar ruwa zuwa kankara. Injiniyanci yana mai da hankali da yawa akan ƙoƙarin sa akan cin gajiyar wannan damar na sarrafa yanayin jikin ta hanyar watsa zafi.
Duba kuma: Misalan Zafi da Zazzabi
