Wadatacce
Sosai neurosis Menene tabin hankali sharuɗɗan amfani ne a cikin ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa, ilimin halin ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wato, a cikin fannoni daban -daban da ke nazarin tunanin ɗan adam, don komawa zuwa wasu jihohin tunani da ake ɗauka cututtukan cuta ko cututtuka. Koyaya, kowane yana da takamaiman aikace -aikacen sa da tarihin sa.
Ta neurosis An fahimce shi a cikin wuraren da aka ambata a baya wani tsarin rikice -rikice na hankali wanda ke haifar da ɓarna da damuwa. An kirkiro kalmar a ƙarshen karni na 18, amma ta sami ma'ana mai kama da na yanzu a farkon 20th, godiya ga ayyukan a yankin Sigmund Freud da Pierre Janet, da sauransu. A yau an jefar da shi azaman mai bayanin likitanci don fifita saitin hotunan asibiti, da ake kira cuta.
Maimakon haka, ta tabin hankali Waɗannan fannonin sun fahimci yanayin tunanin mutum na asarar tuntuɓar juna, ko rarrabuwa a ciki, tare da gaskiyar da ke kewaye. Wannan na iya nufin hallucinations, rudu, canjin mutum, ko lokutan tunani mai rarrafe. Saboda nau'ikan ilimin halin ɗabi'a, neuronal, har ma da yanayin halittu na iya haifar da ɓacin hankali, galibi ana kwatanta shi da zazzabi azaman alamar da ba ta dace ba cewa wani abu ba daidai bane. Waɗannan fitintinu na iya zama na ɗan lokaci kuma ba za a iya maimaita su ba a cikin rayuwar mai haƙuri, ko na dindindin.
Misalan neurosis
- Rashin hankali. Sassan ɓacin rai ne, duka masu taushi, matsakaici ko mai ƙarfi, a gaban ko ba alamun somatic, na yau da kullun ko alamun ci gaba, kamar dysthymia da cyclothymia.
- Rashin damuwa. Yanayin da tunani ba zai gushe ba kuma yana ɗauke da baƙin cikin da ke komawa cikin sake zagayowar. Irin su phobias, rikice-rikice masu tilastawa, rikicewar damuwa bayan tashin hankali, ko rikicewar damuwa gaba ɗaya.
- Cututtukan rarrabuwa. Wadanda aka katse ci gaba da sanin yakamata, kamar fugues psychogenic da amnesias, rikicewar mutumci, mallaka da trance.
- Cutar Somatoform. Wadanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayin jiki ko lafiyar jiki: hypochondria, dysmorphophobia, somatoform pain, somatization.
- Rashin bacci. Rashin bacci, rashin bacci, firgici na dare, tafiya da sauransu.
- Matsalolin jima'i. Waɗannan rikice -rikicen, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan jima'i, ana la'akari da su a cikin tsarin rukuni biyu: dysfunctions (ƙin jima'i, anorgasmia, rashin ƙarfi, vaginismus, da sauransu) da paraphilias (nuni, pedophilia, masochism, sadism, voyeurism, da sauransu). Wannan rukuni na ƙarshe yana ƙarƙashin muhawara akai.
- Cutar rikicewar motsa jiki. Wadanda batun bai da birki kan wasu halaye, kamar kleptomania, caca, pyromania, trichotillomania.
- Matsaloli masu rikitarwa. Wanda alamomin sa, na zahiri ko na hankali, marasa lafiya ne ke damun su, don samun kulawar ma'aikatan lafiya.
- Matsalolin daidaitawa. Halin amsawar motsin rai ga yanayin damuwa a cikin farkon watanni ukun farko na farawa, kuma wanda rashin jin daɗin da ya sha ya wuce abubuwan da ke haifar da shi.
- Matsalolin yanayi. Waɗanda ke da alaƙa da bayyananniyar rashin sarrafa motsin zuciyarmu da abubuwan da ke shafar su, kamar bipolarity, wasu rikicewar damuwa ko mania.
Misalan psychosis
- Schizophrenia. Wannan shine sunan da aka ba wa matsanancin wahalar da ke tattare da rikice -rikicen tabin hankali, wanda ke hana aiki na yau da kullun na psyche, yana canza tsinkayen sa na gaskiya, sanin gaskiya da haɓaka haɓakar rashin daidaituwa na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Cuta ce mai rauni.
- Schizophreniform cuta. Ana iya ganewa don samun yawancin alamomin schizophrenia, amma kuma na tsawon watanni 1 zuwa 6. Cikakken murmurewa, sabanin schizophrenia, mai yiyuwa ne.
- Schizoaffective cuta. Halin halin da ake ciki na yau da kullun da yawa na mania, ɓacin rai ko bipolarity, tare da raɗaɗɗen ji na gani, rudani na ɓarna da ɓarna mai mahimmanci na zamantakewa da aiki. Ya ƙunshi yawan kashe kansa.
- Rashin hankali. An san shi azaman paranoid psychosis, ana gane shi ta hanyar bayyanar ɓarna mai ban mamaki, galibi yana haifar da jin magana, ƙamshi, ko hallucinations da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin paranoid. Yawanci ba a haɗa shi da alamun schizophrenia ko abubuwan da ake gani sosai ba, amma yana hana ayyukan zamantakewa ta gurbataccen fahimta na wasu da na kai.
- Raba tabin hankali. Yana cutar da mutane biyu ko fiye da rashin imani ko ruɗani, a cikin wani nau'in yaduwa. Yana da ciwo mai wuya sosai.
- Takaitacciyar matsalar tabin hankali. Ana ɗaukarsa fashewar tabin hankali na ɗan lokaci, wanda yanayin rashin tabbas ke motsa shi, kamar sauye-sauyen yanayi a cikin muhalli (baƙi, waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su) ko cututtukan da ke wanzu. Ya fi yawa a cikin matasa kuma yana bayyana sosai.
- Catatonic ciwo ko catatonia. Anyi la'akari da subtype na schizophrenia, yana da alaƙa da katse ayyukan motar, jefa mai haƙuri cikin matsanancin halin rashin ƙarfi.
- Schizoid hali cuta. Yana wahalar da ƙasa da 1% na yawan mutanen duniya, tare da tsananin warewar jama'a da ƙuntatawa da bayyana motsin rai, wato, matsanancin sanyi da rashin son wasu.
- Ciwon Ilimin Ƙwayoyin Ciki. Kamar magungunan hallucinogenic, magunguna masu ƙarfi, ko guba mai tsanani.
- Rashin lafiyar hankali saboda rashin lafiya. Hankula na marasa lafiya da ciwon ƙwayar kwakwalwa, cututtukan CNS ko wasu cututtukan da ke haifar da alamun kama da psychosis.
