Wadatacce
The parasitism yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da wata alaƙa ta musamman, alaƙar da aka kafa tsakanin halittu guda biyu, wanda ɗayan ke rayuwa da kuɗin ɗayan. Abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci na alaƙar parasitism shine wanda ya shiga yanayin sauran mutane (m) da kuma wanda ke ba da hanyoyin aikin parasite (wanda ake kira Bako).
Dangantaka na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma mai masaukin na iya ganin fiye ko lessasa cutar da m wanda yana da wani fa'ida ga martani. Ta halaye na parasitism dangantaka shine sau da yawa ana fitar da kalmar kuma ana ɗaukar ta zuwa wasu ma'anoni, gami da ayyukan ɗan adam wanda wasu mutane ke cin moriyar wasu.
Duba kuma: Misalan Bacteria
The m, wani lokacin yana rayuwa a cikin mai masaukinsa. Babban fasalin wannan irin parasitism shine mai masaukin yana da wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da m, galibi sun haɗa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
A gefe guda suna iya zama ectoparasites wadanda ba sa samun shiga cikin sauran samfuran, inda mafi yawan lokuta na iya zama na ƙwai da aka sa a cikin gida wanda ba nasu ba. Kwayoyin halittu galibi suna haɓaka hanyoyin tsaro waɗanda ke iyakance aikin parasites, kamar yadda yake faruwa tare da tsire -tsire waɗanda ke samar da gubobi da ke neman hana naman gwari.
A gefe guda, shi ma na kowa ne don a tsarin coevolution inda jinsunan biyu ke tasowa suna neman cika burin su: rundunonin suna neman gujewa zama masu cutar da ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haɓaka don ci gaba da cutar da rundunonin.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Symbiosis
- Misalan Sarkar Abinci
- Misalan Mutualism
- Misalan Daidaita Abubuwa Masu Rayuwa
Gabaɗaya lokacin da wakilai suka zama parasites, a hankali yana rasa ayyukan ilimin lissafi ko na rayuwa. Cire kwayoyin daga mai masaukin ya sa ba dole ba ne a haɗa nasu, kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da larurar parasitism. Kullum ba a iya ganin parasitism da ido, amma daga lokacin da mai masaukin ke fama da lalacewar ɗan kwari, yawanci rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko kamuwa da cuta.
Ana kiran halin da yake faruwa akai -akai hyperparasitism. Wannan shi ne abin da ke faruwa lokacin da wani ɗan tsutsotsi ya rayu daga wani ɓarna: sarƙoƙin parasitic waɗanda aka kafa a cikin waɗannan lamuran sune waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwarewar ilimin halittu da ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin tushen tushen kula da cututtukan cututtuka da kwari.
Misalan parasitism
Abubuwan da ke biyo baya sune parasitism, bisa ga ma'anar da aka gani:
- Fleas: Parasites da ke rayuwa akan fatar dabbobi, suna haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna ɓoye cikin fur.
- Ƙwari: Ƙwari da ke lalata bishiyoyi, suna lalata su kusan gaba ɗaya.
- Saculina: Daga dangin barnacle. Lokacin da ya sami kaguwa, yana allurar sashin jikinsa mai taushi a can, yana mayar da shi bakarare.
- Leeches: Suna cin jinin sauran dabbobi.
- Tsutsotsi: Na kowa a cikin dabbobi da mutum, suna cin abinci ta hanyar cire abubuwan gina jiki da mamaye wasu gabobi.
- Ticks: Ƙwayoyin cuta na waje waɗanda ke cin jinin runduna, suna yaɗuwar cututtuka kamar ƙyanda.
- Tsumagiyar ƙwarƙwarar Emerald: Ƙwayar cuta ce da ke huda kyankyasai da tsutsa. Yana yin allurar ƙwai, kuma lokacin da tsutsotsi suka yi ƙyanƙyashe suna cin abinci akan ƙwayoyin da ba su da mahimmanci na kyankyasai.
- Amoebas: Tsutsar hanji na dabbobi da mutane, yana haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da cututtuka.
- Tsutsotsi na Guinea: Yana rayuwa ne a cikin kumbunan microscopic a cikin ruwan kogi. Shan irin wannan ruwa yana ba da damar tsutsa ta shiga cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da ƙura a fata kuma yana haifar da ƙonawa.
- Ƙwayoyin cuta: Parasites waɗanda ke aiki akan tsirrai da dabbobi, suna haifar da cututtuka da yawa.
- Helminth: Dabbobi masu dogayen jiki masu cutar da kwayoyin wasu nau'in.
- Protozoa: Dabbobi masu sauƙi waɗanda aka kafa ta tantanin halitta, da yawa parasites na tsirrai da dabbobi. Suna haifar da cututtuka kamar Chagas ko trichomoniasis.
- Rhodophytes: Red algae, yawancin parasites na sauran rhinophytes. Yana sanya allurar tantanin halitta a cikin sel na mai masaukin baki, yana samar da kwayoyin jima'i na kwayar halittar parasitic.
- Mites: Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke zaune a jikin ɗan adam, suna ciyar da abubuwan ɓoye.
- Jakar koren makada: Yana girma a cikin katantanwa, wanda ke komawa ga mafi girman halayensa na neman wuraren da kowa ya gani. Kwayar cuta tana rayuwa a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci na masu cin katantanwa, suna haifuwa da sakin ƙwai a cikin feces ɗin su, yawanci tsuntsaye.
Duba kuma: Misalan Mafarauta da Ganima (Da Hotuna)
