Wadatacce
- Dutsen kankara
- Misalan duwatsu masu ƙyalli
- Sedimentary duwatsu
- Misalai na duwatsun sedimentary
- Dutsen metamorphic
- Misalan dutsen metamorphic
The duwatsu su ne ƙungiya ɗaya ko fiye ma'adanai. Ana samar da su ta hanyoyin ilimin ƙasa. Ana jujjuya duwatsu koyaushe ta hanyar ayyukan wakilan ƙasa daban -daban, kamar ruwa ko iska, da halittu masu rai.
The duwatsu An rarrabe su gwargwadon kaddarorin su:
Dutsen kankara
The duwatsu masu zafi sune sakamakon ƙarfafawa da magma. Magma shine narkakken ma'adinai, wato yana da wani ruwa. Magma yana ɗauke da ma'adanai da mawuyacin hali da narkar da gas.
Dutsen da ba a san shi ba na iya zama mai kutse
- The duwatsu masu kutse, wanda kuma ake kira plutonics, sune suka fi yawa kuma suna samar da mafi zurfin sassan ɓawon ƙasa.
- The extrusive duwatsu, wanda kuma ake kira volcanic, an samar da shi ne sakamakon sanyin lava a saman ƙasa.
Misalan duwatsu masu ƙyalli
- Dutse (plutonic): launin toka ko ja mai haske a launi. Ya ƙunshi ma'adini, potassium feldspar da mica.
- Porphyry (plutonic): ja mai duhu a launi. Ya ƙunshi feldspar da ma'adini.
- Gabbro (plutonic): m a cikin rubutu. Ya ƙunshi alli plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, da hypersthene.
- Bahaushe (plutonic): an rarrabe shi da dutse saboda bai ƙunshi ma'adini ba. Ya ƙunshi feldspar, oligoclases, albite, da sauran ma'adanai.
- Ginin dutse (plutonic): tsaka-tsaki a cikin abun da ke ciki: plagioclase kashi biyu bisa uku da ma'adanai masu duhu ɗaya bisa uku.
- Peridotite (plutonic): duhu cikin launi da yawa. Ya ƙunshi kusan gaba ɗaya na pyroxene.
- Tonalite (plutonic): ya ƙunshi ma'adini, plagioclase, hornblende, da biotite.
- Basalt (volcanic): duhu mai launi, ya ƙunshi magnesium da silicates na baƙin ƙarfe, ban da ƙarancin silica.
- Andesite (volcanic): duhu ko matsakaici launin toka a launi. Ya ƙunshi plagioclase da ferromagnesic ma'adanai.
- Rhyolite (volcanic) na launin ruwan kasa, launin toka ko launin ja. Kafa ta ma'adini da potassium feldspar.
- Dacite (volcanic): babban abun cikin baƙin ƙarfe, ya ƙunshi plagioclase feldspar.
- Trachyte (volcanic): ya ƙunshi potassium feldspar da plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene da hornblende.
Sedimentary duwatsu
The sedimentary duwatsu An samar da su daga canji da lalata sauran duwatsun da suka wanzu. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samar da abubuwan da suka rage waɗanda za su iya kasancewa a wuri ɗaya da suka samo asali ko waɗanda ruwa, iska, kankara ko ruwan teku ke jigilar su.
Sedimentary duwatsu an kafa ta diagenesis (compaction, ciminti) na laka. Sassan abubuwa daban -daban suna zama madaidaiciya, wato, yadudduka waɗanda aka kafa ta ajiya.
Misalai na duwatsun sedimentary
- Tafki: dutsen mai rarrafe, wanda ya ƙunshi gutsutsayen dutsen da suka fi milimita 2 girma. Waɗannan gutsutsutsun an haɗa su da siminti na halitta.
- Sandstone: Dutse mai ɗanɗano, mai launi daban -daban, mai ɗauke da tsinken yashi.
- Shale: detrital sedimentary rock. An yi shi da tarkacen filastik, a cikin barbashi girman yumɓu da silt.
- Loam: hada da ƙira da yumɓu. Yawanci fari ne a launi.
- Dutse: ya ƙunshi galibi carbonate na alli. Zai iya zama fari, baki ko launin ruwan kasa.
Dutsen metamorphic
The Dutsen metamorphic sune waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar juyin halittar wani dutsen da ya gabata wanda aka sanya shi cikin yanayi mai kuzari sosai daga samuwar sa (alal misali, mafi sanyi ko zafi, ko ta hanyar canjin matsin lamba).
Metamorphism na iya zama ci gaba ko koma baya. Metamorphism na ci gaba yana faruwa lokacin da dutsen ya fuskanci matsanancin zafin jiki ko matsin lamba, amma ba tare da ya narke ba.
Metamorphism mai rikitarwa yana faruwa lokacin da dutsen da ya samo asali daga zurfin zurfin (inda ake samun matsi da zafi) kuma lokacin da kusanci saman ya zama mara tsayayye kuma ya canza.
Misalan dutsen metamorphic
- Marmara. Babban sashinsa shine alli carbonate.
- Gneiss: hada da ma'adini, feldspar da mica. Haɗinsa iri ɗaya ne da dutse amma yana samar da madaidaitan yadudduka na haske da ma'adanai masu duhu.
- Ma'adini: rattan metamorphic mai ƙarfi tare da babban abun ciki na ma'adini.
- Amphibolite: an samo tsofaffin duwatsu.
- Granulites: kafa ta wani babban zazzabi tsari. Whitish a launi, tare da garnet inlays. Ana samun su a kan tudun teku.
