Mawallafi:
Laura McKinney
Ranar Halitta:
8 Afrilu 2021
Sabuntawa:
11 Yiwu 2024
Wadatacce
Don yin nazarin dabi'a, ana amfani da jerin nau'ikan takaddun haraji waɗanda ke rarrabuwa rayayyun halittu cikin kungiyoyi. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan rukuni ya ƙunshi halittu waɗanda ke da wasu halaye na kowa.
Jerin gargajiya na nau'ikan harajin haraji sune masu zuwa (daga mafi girma zuwa na musamman):
Yanki - Mulki - Phylum ko rarrabuwa - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
Wato masarautu sun kasu kashi -kashi.
Menene Masarautu?
- Dabbobi: Halittu masu ikon motsi, ba tare da chloroplast ko bangon sel ba, tare da ci gaban tayi. Su ne kwayoyin eukaryotic.
- Plantae: Rayayyun halittun photosynthetic, ba tare da ikon motsi ba, tare da bangon tantanin halitta galibi sun haɗa da cellulose. Su ne kwayoyin eukaryotic.
- Naman gwari: Halittu masu bangon tantanin halitta sun ƙunshi chitin. Su ne kwayoyin eukaryotic.
- Protista: Duk kwayoyin halittar eukaryotic wadanda ba su cika halayen da za su ba su damar rarrabasu cikin masarautu uku da suka gabata ba. Kwayoyin Eukaryotic sune waɗanda ke da tsakiya da aka bambanta da sauran tantanin.
- Monera: Halittun prokaryotic, wato, waɗanda sel ɗinsu ba su da rarrabuwa ta tsakiya.
Duba kuma: Misalai 50 Daga Kowace Masarauta
Halayen Masarautar Dabbobi
Masarautar dabbobi (Dabbobi) ƙungiyoyi tare da nau'ikan halittu masu yawa waɗanda ke saduwa da halaye daban -daban:
- Kwayoyin Eukaryotic: An raba gindin waɗannan sel daga cytoplasm ta membrane sel. A takaice dai, an raba bayanan kwayoyin halittar daga cytoplasm.
- Heterotrophs: Suna ciyar da kwayoyin halitta da ke fitowa daga wasu halittu masu rai.
- Multicellular: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda sel guda biyu ko fiye suka ƙulla. Dukan dabbobi sun ƙunshi miliyoyin sel.
- Tissue: A cikin dabbobi, sel suna yin tsari wanda ake kira kyallen takarda. A cikinsu, sel duka daidai suke kuma ana rarraba su akai -akai. An haɗu da halayen ilimin halittar jikinsu. Kwayoyin nama suna raba asalin amfrayo ɗaya.
- Ikon motsi: Ba kamar sauran halittu masu rai ba (kamar tsirrai ko fungi), dabbobi suna da tsarin jikin mutum wanda ke ba su damar motsi.
- Ganuwar sel ba tare da chloroplast ba: Abu ne da ke ba shuke -shuke damar aiwatar da photosynthesis. Tun da dabbobi ba su da chloroplast, dole ne su ci abinci akan sauran rayayyun halittu (heterotrophs)
- Ci gaban mahaifa: Daga zygote guda ɗaya (tantanin halitta wanda ya samo asali daga gamayyar gamete namiji da mace gamete), ci gaban amfrayo zai fara yaduwa ta sel har sai an samar da dukkan kwayoyin halitta, tare da yawan sa. bambancin sel, kyallen takarda, gabobi da tsarin.
Duba kuma:
- Menene Autotrophic da Heterotrophic Organisms?
Misalan Masarautar Dabbobi
- Dan Adam (Homo Sapiens): Phylum: chordate. Subphylum. Tsinkaya. Darasi: mai shayarwa. Oda: Primate.
- Tururuwa (Formicidae): Phylum: arthropod. Subphylum: Hexapod. Class: kwari. Umarni: hymenopteran.
- Eoperipatus totoro: phylum: tsutsa mai tsini. Class: udeonychopohora. Umarni: Euonychophora. Iyalin Peripatidae.
- Bee (anthophila). Phylum: arthropod. Class: kwari. Umarni: hymenopteran.
- Cats na cikin gida (felis silvestris catus). Gefen: igiya. Subphylum: kashin baya. Darasi: mai shayarwa. Order: mai cin nama. Iyali. Feline.
- Giwa (elephantidae): Phylum: chordate. Subphylum: kashin baya. Darasi: Mammal. Umarni: proboscidean.
- Kada (crocodylidae): Phylum: chordate. Darasi: Sauropsido. Umarni: Crocodilia.
- Malam buɗe ido (lepidoptera): phylum: arthropod. Class: kwari. Umarni: Lepidoptera.
- Rawaya rawaya (mactroid yellow desma). Phylum: mollusk. Darasi: bivalve. Oda: veneroid.
- Kifi (zabura): Phylum: chordate. Subphylum: magana. Order: salmoniformes.
- Dabbar dolphin (delphinidae). Gefen: igiya. Darasi. Dabba. Order: cetacean.
- Jimina (struthio camelus). Gefen: igiya. Darasi: ave. Umarni: struthioniforme.
- Penguin: Edge: igiya. Class: Ave. Order: sphenisciforme.
- Boa: Yanayin yanki: Cordado. Darasi: sauropsid. Order: squamata.
- Jemage (chiropter): gefen: chordate. Darasi: mai shayarwa. Order: chiroptera.
- Tsutsar ciki (lumbrícido): phylum: annelid. Darasi: clitellata. Order: haplotaxida.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalai 100 na Dabbobi Masu Ruwa
- Misalai 50 na Dabbobi Masu rarrafe
- Menene Dabbobin Viviparous?
- Misalan Dabbobin Dabbobi
Rarraba Masarautar Dabbobi
An raba mulkin dabbobi zuwa manyan kungiyoyi da ake kira phyla:
- Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus): tsutsotsi masu tsutsotsi (suna samun abinci daga sauran dabbobi masu rai). Suna da "kai" tare da ƙaya.
- Acoelomorpha (Acelomorphs): tsutsotsin acellomed (m, ba tare da ramuka) waɗanda ba su da hanyar narkewa.
- Annelida (Annelids): tsutsotsin coelominated (tare da ramuka) waɗanda aka rarrabasu jikin cikin zobba.
- Arthropoda (arthropods): sami chitin exoskeleton (carapace ko tsari makamancin haka) da kafafu da aka haɗa
- Brachiopoda (Brachiopods): Suna da loptophore, wanda shine gabobin da ke zagaye tare da tankokin da ke kewaye da baki. Suna kuma da harsashi da bawuloli guda biyu.
- Bryozoa (Bryozoans): a sami loptophore da dubura a waje da kambi mai alfarma.
- Chordata (Chordate): Suna da murfin dorsal ko kashin baya, wanda kuma ake kira notochord. Suna iya rasa shi bayan matakin amfrayo.
- Cnidaria (Cnidarians): dabbalastic dabbobi (cikakken ci gaban amfrayo ba tare da mesoderm) waɗanda ke da cnidoblasts (sel waɗanda ke ɓoye abubuwan kariya)
- Ctenophora (Ctenophores) dabbobin lalatattu tare da coloblasts (sel don tarkon abinci)
- Cycliophora (Cyclophores): dabbobin pseudocoelomed (dabbobin da ke da babban rami na asalin ba mesodermal) tare da madaukiyar bakin da ke kewaye da cilia (na bakin ciki, abubuwan da ke kama da gashi)
- Echinodermata (Echinoderms): dabbobi masu “fata da ƙaya”. Suna da sifar alamar pentarradiate (sifar tsakiya) da kwarangwal na waje wanda ya ƙunshi guntun ƙira.
- Echiura (Equiuroideos): tsutsotsi na ruwa tare da proboscis da "wutsiyar ƙaya"
- Entoprocta (entoproctos): lophophores tare da dubura an haɗa su a cikin kambin alfarma (duburar ciki)
- Gastrotrichia (gastrotricos): pseudocoelomed dabbobi, tare da spikes da biyu m caudal tubes.
- Gnathostomulida (gnatostomúlidos): dabbobin da ke da muƙamuƙun halaye waɗanda ke bambanta su da sauran dabbobin.
- Hemchordata (Hemichordates): dabbobi masu rarrafe (dabbobin da ke cikin yanayin mahaifa suna haɓaka dubura kafin baki), tare da raunin pharyngeal da stomocord (wani nau'in kashin baya inda ake tallafawa nauyin jiki).
- Kinorhyncha (quinorhincs): dabbobin pseudocoelomated tare da shugaban da za a iya cirewa da sassan jiki.
- Loricifera (Lorociferous): dabbobin pseudocoelomed an rufe su da mayafi mai kariya.
- Micrognathozoa (micrognatozoa): pseudocoelomates tare da jaws masu rikitarwa da tsawa mai tsawa.
- Mollusca (mollusks): dabbobi masu taushi, baki tare da radula kuma harsashi ya rufe shi.
- Myxozoa (myxozoa) ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna da capsules na polar da ke ɓoye abubuwan kariya.
- Nematoda (nematodes): tsutsotsi na pseudocoelomated waɗanda ke da cutin cutuka.
- Nematomorpha (nematomorphs) tsutsotsi masu kaifin kama da nematodes
- Nemerte (Nemerteans): tsutsotsi na cellophane (ba tare da rami ba, jiki mai ƙarfi) tare da tsawaita proboscis.
- Onychophora (tsutsotsin velvety): tsutsotsi da kafafu waɗanda ke ƙarewa da ƙusoshin chitin.
- Orthonectide (orthonrectidae): parasites tare da cilia (appendages masu kama da gashi)
- Phoronida (phoronids): tsutsotsi masu sifar bututu da hanjin U-dimbin yawa.
- Placozoa (placozoans): dabbobi masu rarrafe
- Platyhelminthes (tsutsotsi): tsutsotsi tare da cilia, ba tare da dubura ba. Yawancin su parasites ne.
- Pogonophora (pogonophos): dabbobi masu sifar bututu tare da kai mai cirewa.
- Porifera (soso): parazoans (dabbobi ba tare da tsokoki ba, jijiyoyi ko gabobin ciki), tare da ramukan inhalant a cikin jiki, ba tare da daidaitaccen sifa ba.
- Priapulida (priapulids): tsutsotsi na pseudocoelomated tare da tsawaita proboscis kewaye da papillae.
- Rhombozoa (rhombozoa): parasites ya ƙunshi 'yan sel.
- Rotifera (rotifers): pseudocoelomates tare da kambin cilia.
- Sipuncula (sipuncúlids) tsutsotsi tsutsotsi tare da bakin da ke kewaye da tentacles.
- Tardigrada (beyar ruwa): gutsattsarin akwati, tare da kafafu masu kafa takwas ko kuma tsotso.
- Xenacoelomorpha (xenoturbellids): tsutsotsi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da cilia.
