Wadatacce
The polymers Su manyan kwayoyin halitta ne (macromolecules) waɗanda ƙungiyoyin biyu ko fiye da ƙanana sun haɗa su. Monomers suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar covalent bond.
Polymers sunadarai masu mahimmanci, tunda wasu suna cika mahimman ayyuka a cikin rayayyun halittu, misali: sunadarai, DNA. Yawancin su suna nan a yanayi kuma a zahiri duk abin da ke kewaye da mu, misali: filastik a cikin abin wasa; roba a tayoyin mota; ulu a cikin sutura.
Dangane da asalin su, ana iya rarrabe polymers a matsayin: na halitta, kamar sitaci ko cellulose; semisynthetics, kamar nitrocellulose; da wucin gadi, kamar nailan ko polycarbonate. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan polymers ɗin guda ɗaya ana iya rarrabe su gwargwadon tsarin polymerization (tsarin da monomers ke bi don ƙirƙirar sarkar kuma ya zama polymer), gwargwadon tsarin sinadaran su kuma gwargwadon halayen su na zafi.
Nau'in polymer
Dangane da asalin sa:
- Polymers na halitta. Waɗannan sune polymers ɗin da ake samu a yanayi. Misali: DNA, sitaci, siliki, sunadarai.
- Artificial polymers. Waɗannan sune polymers ɗin da mutum ya ƙirƙira ta hanyar sarrafa masana'antu na monomers. Misali: filastik, zaruruwa, roba.
- Semi-roba polymers. Waɗannan sune polymers ɗin da ake samu ta hanyar canza polymers na halitta ta hanyar hanyoyin sunadarai. Misali: etonite, nictrocellulose.
- Bi a ciki: Polymers na halitta da na wucin gadi
Dangane da tsarin polymerization:
- Ƙari. Wani nau'in polymerization wanda ke faruwa lokacin da adadin ƙwayar polymer shine madaidaicin madaidaicin adadin monomer. Misali: vinyl chloride.
- Condensation. Nau'in polymerization wanda ke faruwa lokacin da adadin ƙwayoyin polymer ba ainihin madaidaicin adadin monomer ba, wannan yana faruwa saboda a cikin ƙungiyar monomers akwai asarar ruwa ko wasu kwayoyin halitta. Misali: silicone.
Dangane da abin da ya ƙunshi:
- Organic polymers. Nau'in polymers waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin babban sarkar su. Misali: daulu, auduga.
- Vinyl kwayoyin polymers. Nau'in polymers waɗanda babban sarkar su ya ƙunshi na carbon atom. Misali: polyethylene.
- Non-vinyl kwayoyin polymers. Nau'in polymers waɗanda ke da iskar carbon da oxygen da / ko nitrogen a cikin babban sarkar su. Misali: polyesters.
- Inorganic polymers. Nau'in polymers waɗanda ba su da ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin babban sarkar su. Misali: silicones.
Dangane da ɗabi'arta ta zafi:
- Thermostable. Nau'in polymers waɗanda, lokacin da zafin su ya tashi, bazuwar sunadarai. Misali: ebonite.
- Thermoplastics. Nau'in polymers waɗanda za su iya yin laushi ko narkewa lokacin da suka yi zafi sannan su dawo da kadarorinsu lokacin da aka sanyaya su. Misali: nailan.
- Elastomers. Nau'in polymers waɗanda za a iya sarrafa su cikin sauƙi da ƙera su ba tare da rasa kadarorinsu ko tsarin su ba. Misali: roba, silicone.
- Zai iya yi muku hidima: Kayan na roba
Misalan polymers
- Roba
- Takarda
- Starch
- Protein
- Itace
- RNA da DNA
- Roba mai rauni
- Nitrocellulose
- Nylon
- PVC
- Polyethylene
- Polyvinylchloride
- Bi da: Kayan halitta da na wucin gadi
