Hijira dabbobi

Wadatacce

• Misalan hijira dabbobi

The ƙaura sune ƙungiyoyin halittu masu rai daga wannan mazaunin zuwa wani. Hanya ce ta rayuwa wacce ke ba dabbobi damar guje wa mummunan yanayi a mazauninsu, kamar matsanancin yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin abinci.

The dabbobi masu hijira Suna son yin hakan lokaci -lokaci, wato suna yin tafiye -tafiye iri ɗaya a wasu lokuta na shekara (misali, a bazara ko faduwa). A takaice dai, hijirar tana bin tsari.

Duk da haka, su ma suna iya faruwaƙaura na dindindin.

Lokacin da mutum ya ɗauki ƙungiyar dabbobi daga mazauninsu zuwa sabon, ba a ɗaukar hijirar, tunda ba tsari ne na halitta ba. A cikin waɗannan lokuta ana kiransa "gabatarwar nau'in ƙasashen waje".

The ƙaura ƙaura abubuwa ne na halitta waɗanda ke kula da daidaitawa a cikin yanayin ƙasa waɗanda ke shiga cikin aiwatarwa (yanayin yanayin ƙasa na farko, tsaka -tsakin yanayin ƙasa wanda ƙungiyoyin ƙaura ke wucewa da yanayin yanayin da ke karɓar su a ƙarshen tafiya).

Sabanin haka, gabatar da nau'in kasashen waje a cikin wani wucin gadi yana da illolin muhalli da ba a zata ba.

Shiga cikin ƙaura abubuwan biotic (dabbobin da ke yin hijira) da abiotic dalilai da dabbobi ke amfani da su, kamar hanyoyin iska ko ruwa.

Wasu abubuwan abiotic na iya zama abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura, kamar bambancin haske da zafin da ke faruwa tare da canjin yanayi.

Misalan hijira dabbobi

1. Humpback whale (yubarta): Whale da ke ratsa dukkan tekuna na duniya, duk da babban bambancin yanayin zafin. A lokacin hunturu suna cikin ruwan zafi. Anan suke saduwa kuma suna haifi 'ya'yansu. Yayin da yanayin zafi ke tashi, suna shiga cikin ruwan polar inda suke cin abinci. A takaice dai, suna motsawa tsakanin wuraren ciyarwa da wuraren kiwo. Suna tafiya matsakaicin kilomita 1.61 a awa daya. Waɗannan tafiye -tafiye sun kai nisan fiye da kilomita dubu 17.
2. Loggerhead: Kunkuru da ke rayuwa a cikin teku mai matsakaicin yanayi, amma yana ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zafi ko na ruwa a cikin hunturu. Suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokutan su a cikin ruwa kuma mace kawai tana haurawa zuwa bakin teku don hayayyafa. Suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 67. Babban nau'in ne, ya kai tsawon 90 cm kuma matsakaicin nauyin 130 kg. Don aiwatar da ƙaurarsu, suna amfani da igiyar Arewacin Pacific. Suna da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙaura mafi tsawo, idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobin ruwa, sun kai fiye da kilomita dubu 12.
3. White stork: Babban tsuntsu, baki da fari. Kungiyoyin Turai na yin hijira zuwa Afirka a lokacin hunturu. Yana da ban mamaki cewa a kan wannan hanyar suna gujewa tsallaka Tekun Bahar Rum, don haka suna yin wani hanya zuwa Tekun Gibraltar. Wannan shi ne saboda ginshiƙan da yake amfani da su don tashi sama kawai suna kan filayen ƙasa. Sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Indiya da yankin Larabawa.
4. Kanada goose: Tsuntsu da ke tashi cikin ƙungiyoyi suna kafa V. Yana da fikafikan mita 1.5 da nauyin kilo 14. Jikinsa launin toka ne amma ya kebanta da baƙar kai da wuyansa, tare da fararen tabo a kumatu. Yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka, a cikin tabkuna, tafkuna, da koguna. Hijirarsu na faruwa ne don neman yanayin dumama da wadatar abinci.
5. Barn Swallow (Andorine): Ita ce hadiye tare da rarraba mafi girma a duniya. Tsuntsu da ke zaune a Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Amurka. Yana faɗaɗa tare da mutane saboda yana amfani da tsarin da mutum ya gina don gina gida (haifuwa). Yana zaune a wuraren da ba a bude ba kamar wuraren kiwo da ciyawa, yana guje wa ciyayi masu kauri, da tudu da birane. Lokacin ƙaura, su ma suna zaɓar wuraren buɗe ido da kusancin ruwa. Suna tashi da rana, kuma a lokacin ƙaura.
6. California Sea Lion: Dabba ce mai ruwa, na iyali ɗaya na hatimi da goro. A lokacin lokacin balaga ana samunsa a tsibirai da bakin teku daga kudancin California zuwa kudancin Mexico, galibi a tsibirin San Miguel da San Nicolás. A ƙarshen lokacin balaga suna ƙaura zuwa ruwayen Alaska inda suke cin abinci, suna tafiya fiye da kilomita dubu takwas.
7. Dragon-tashi: Kwari ne mai tashiwa mai iya yin ƙaura daga transoceanic. Galibin nau'in Pantala Flavescens suna yin ƙaura mafi tsawo na duk kwari. Yawon shakatawa yana komawa baya tsakanin Indiya da Gabashin Afirka. Jimlar nisan tafiyar kusan kilomita dubu 15.
8. Masarautar malam buɗe ido: Yana da fuka -fukai masu launin orange da baƙar fata. Daga cikin kwari, wannan malam buɗe ido yana yin ƙaura mafi girma. Wannan saboda yana da tsawon rai fiye da sauran malam buɗe ido, yana kai watanni 9. Tsakanin watan Agusta da Oktoba, yana ƙaura daga Kanada zuwa Mexico, inda ya rage har zuwa Maris, lokacin da ya dawo arewa.
9. Wildebeest: Yana a ruminant tare da wani fanni na musamman, mai kama da ɗaukar gashi amma da kofato da kai fiye da na bijimi. Suna saduwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda bi da bi suna hulɗa da juna, suna haifar da manyan tarurrukan mutane. Gudun hijirarsu takan haifar da karancin abinci da ruwa: suna neman ciyawa sabo da canjin yanayi da ruwan sama. Motsawar waɗannan dabbobin yana da ban mamaki saboda tsananin sauti da rawar jiki a ƙasa wanda ƙaurarsu ta samar. Suna yin tafiya madauwari a kewayen Kogin Serengeti.
10. Ruwan shearwaters (duhu shearwaters): Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin Tekun Atlantika, Pacific da tekun Indiya. Tsayinsa ya kai 45 cm kuma yana da fikafikansa a fadin fadin mita. Baƙi mai launin ruwan kasa ne. Yana iya tashi sama da kilomita 910 a kowace rana. A lokacin kiwo, ana samunsa a kudancin Tekun Atlantika da tekun Pacific, akan ƙananan tsibirai kusa da New Zealand ko Tsibirin Falkland. A ƙarshen lokacin (tsakanin Maris da Mayu) suna fara hanyar madauwari zuwa arewa. A lokacin bazara da kaka yana ci gaba da kasancewa a arewacin duniya.
11. Plankton: Akwai kwayoyin microscopic wanda ke iyo akan ruwa. Irin hijirar da plankton na ruwa ke aiwatarwa ya fi gajarta lokaci da gajeriyar tazara fiye da sauran nau'in ƙaura. Koyaya, motsi ne mai mahimmanci kuma na yau da kullun: da daddare yana kasancewa a cikin wuraren da ba su da zurfi kuma da rana yana sauka mita 1,200. Wannan saboda yana buƙatar ruwan saman don ciyar da kansa, amma kuma yana buƙatar sanyi na zurfin ruwa don rage jinkirin narkar da shi don haka ya adana makamashi.
12. Bakin Amurka (caribou): Yana zaune a arewacin nahiyar Amurka kuma lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fara tashi suna ƙaura zuwa tundras wanda har zuwa arewa, har sai ya fara dusar ƙanƙara. A takaice, koyaushe ana kiyaye su a cikin yanayin sanyi amma suna guje wa lokutan dusar ƙanƙara lokacin da abinci ya yi karanci. Mata suna fara hijira tare da matasa kafin Mays. Kwanan nan an lura cewa an jinkirta dawowar kudanci, wataƙila saboda canjin yanayi.
13. Kifi: Dabbobi daban -daban na salmon suna rayuwa a cikin koguna yayin samari, sannan suna ƙaura zuwa cikin teku a rayuwar balaga. A can suna girma da girma da balaga ta jima'i. Da zarar sun balaga, sai su koma cikin koguna su hayayyafa. Ba kamar sauran nau'in ba, salmon baya cin moriyar raƙuman ruwa don ƙaurarsu ta biyu, amma akasin haka: suna hawa sama sama da na yanzu.