Lokacin da atom ko molecule na wani abu ya rasa tsaka -tsakin lantarki ya faru don karɓar ƙimar ion, Tsarin da ke da alaƙa da riba ko asarar wadataccen wadataccen lantarki da ke nuna tsarin atomic na wani fili ana kiransa ionization. Mafi mahimmancin ilimin samuwar ion ana danganta shi ga masanin kimiyyar Ingilishi Humphrey davy (1778-1829) da almajirinsa, Michel Faraday (1791-1867).
The ions Ana yin caji mara kyau ta hanyar samun electrons kuma an san su da anions (saboda suna jan hankalin anode), yayin da waɗanda aka caje su da kyau sakamakon asarar electrons, galibi waɗanda ke cikin harsashi na waje, ana kiransu cations (tunda waɗannan, sabanin anions, suna jan hankalin cathode).
A cikin anions, Kowane electron na atom, wanda asalinsa ba shi da tsaka tsaki, yana riƙe da ƙarfi ta tabbatacciyar cajin tsakiya; Koyaya, sabanin sauran sauran electrons a cikin atom, a cikin anions ƙarin wutar lantarki ba ta da alaƙa da cibiyar ta sojojin Coulomb, tana da alaƙa da daidaitawar atom ɗin tsaka tsaki. Saboda ƙari na electrons, anions sun fi adadin atom ɗin da ba daidai ba.
A cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki, ions da yawa na alamar kishiyar suna ɗaure da junan su ta bin tsari na yau da kullun da aka ba da umarni wanda ke haifar da samuwar lu'ulu'u, kamar gishiri tebur wanda shine sodium chloride. Gishiri sau da yawa ana sauƙaƙe ionized. Lokacin da aka gabatar da narkar da shi, ions sune tushen mahimman hanyoyin masana'antu kamar electrolysis kuma suna ba da tushe ga mahimman abubuwan duniyar zamani kamar batura da masu tarawa. Ions daban -daban suna shiga cikin isashshen sunadarin sunadarin enzymes da raguwa, don haka halayyar ɗimbin halayen biochemical da ke faruwa a cikin rayayyun halittu.
Abubuwan da galibi suna da mafi girman kayan aiki don ionize gaskiya, wato, rasa electrons don haka samar da cations, sune karafa kuma halogensWasu ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya suna haifar da anions, kuma iskar gas mai daraja kamar helium ko argon ba su samar da ions. Girman cations yana da ƙanƙanta fiye da na atoms saboda asarar electrons.
Gabaɗaya, ions sunada sunadarin sunadarai fiye da tsaka tsaki kuma suna iya zama monatomic ko polyatomic, inorganic ko kwayoyin halitta.
Misalai 20 na ions an jera su a ƙasa, gami da anions, cations, monatomic da pluriatomic ions.
- Chloride
- Sulfates
- Nitrates
- Maganin Calcium
- Manganese cation
- Hypochlorite
- Ammonium
- Ciwon daji
- Karfe mai kauri
- Magnesium cation
- Silicates
- Borates
- Dindindin
- Sulfide
- Orthophosphate
- Metaphosphate
- Carbonates
- Citrate
- Malate
- Acetate
