Wadatacce
The metamorphosis sauyi ne da baya juyawa, abin da ke faruwa a yanayin wasu dabbobi. Mun gan shi a cikin wasu dabbobi kamar mazari, malam buɗe ido da kwaɗi.
Halittun al'adu daban -daban sun mamaye wannan tunanin. Misali, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyin al'adu masu nisan gaske kamar tsoffin Girkawa da mutanen Amurka na farko Columbian, waɗanda ke ba da labarin canjin ɗan adam ko alloli zuwa dabbobi ko tsirrai.
A yadda aka saba, dabbobi suna samun sauye -sauye na tsari da na jiki yayin haɓaka tayi. Amma abin da ya bambanta dabbobi masu wahala daban metamorphosis, shine waɗannan suna canzawa bayan haihuwa.
Waɗannan canje -canjen sun bambanta da waɗanda ke faruwa saboda haɓaka (canjin girma da haɓaka sel), tunda a cikin waɗannan, canji yana faruwa a matakin salula. Waɗannan manyan canje -canjen a cikin ilimin jiki yawanci galibi suna nufin canji a cikin mazaunin da kuma halayen nau'in.
Metamorphosis na iya zama:
- Hemimetabolism: Mutum yana fuskantar canje -canje da yawa har ya zama balagagge. Babu ɗayan waɗannan matakan babu aiki kuma ciyarwar tana ci gaba da kasancewa. A cikin matakan da ba su balaga ba, daidaikun mutane suna kama da manya, sai dai babu fikafikai, girmansu, da balagar jima'i. Mutum daga cikin matakan yara ana kiransa nymph.
- Holometabolism: Hakanan ana kiranta cikakken metamorphosis. Mutumin da ya kyankyashe daga kwai ya sha bamban da babba kuma ana kiransa tsutsa. Akwai matakin ɗalibi, wanda shine matakin da baya cin abinci, kuma gaba ɗaya baya motsawa, an lulluɓe shi cikin murfin da ke kare shi yayin sake tsara kayan jikin da gabobin.
Misalan metamorphosis
Dragonfly (hemimetabolism)
Jirgin arthropods, wanda ke da fukafukai guda biyu masu haske. Suna ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai da mace ta ɗora a kusa da ruwa ko cikin yanayin ruwa. Lokacin da suka kyankyashe daga ƙwai, dodon ruwa tsutsotsi ne, ma'ana suna kama da manya amma tare da ƙananan appendages maimakon fuka -fuki, kuma ba tare da manyan gonads (gabobin haihuwa).
Suna cin tsutsar sauro kuma suna rayuwa ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna numfasawa ta hanji. Matakin tsutsa zai iya kasancewa tsakanin watanni biyu zuwa shekaru biyar, ya danganta da nau'in. Lokacin da metamorphosis ya faru, mazari yana fitowa daga cikin ruwa kuma yana fara numfashi daga iska. Yana rasa fatar jikinsa, yana barin fuka -fukan su motsa. Yana ciyar da kuda da sauro.
Moon jellyfish
Lokacin kyankyashe daga ƙwai, jellyfish polyps ne, wato, mai tushe tare da zobe na tentacles. Koyaya, saboda tarin furotin a lokacin hunturu, polyps sun zama jellyfish babba a bazara. Tarin furotin yana haifar da ɓarkewar hormone wanda ke sa jellyfish ya zama babba.
Grasshopper (hemimetabolism)
Kwari ne mai ɗan gajeren eriya, mai cin ganye. Babba yana da kafafu na baya masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba shi damar tsalle. A irin wannan hanyar zuwa dodon ruwa, lokacin da suka ƙyanƙyashe ƙwarya -ƙwaryar ta zama ruwan tsummoki, amma a wannan yanayin suna kama da manya.
Butterfly (Holometabolism)
Lokacin da ya kyankyashe daga kwai, malam buɗe ido yana cikin tsutsa, wanda ake kira caterpillar, kuma yana cin ciyayi. Shugaban kwari yana da ƙananan eriya guda biyu da idanu biyu. Ba a amfani da baki ne kawai don cin abinci amma kuma akwai glandon da ke samar da siliki, wanda daga baya za a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da kwakwa.
Kowane nau'in yana da takamaiman lokacin matakin tsutsa, wanda bi da bi ana canza shi ta yanayin zafi. Matakin ɗalibi a cikin malam buɗe ido ana kiransa chrysalis. Chrysalis ya ci gaba da zama mara motsi, yayin da kyallen takarda ke canzawa da sake tsara su: ƙwayoyin siliki sun zama glandan salivary, bakin ya zama proboscis, ƙafafu suna girma, da sauran manyan canje -canje.
Wannan jihar tana ɗaukar kusan makonni uku. Lokacin da aka riga aka kafa malam buɗe ido, cuticle na chrysalis ya zama siriri, har malam buɗe ido ya fasa shi ya fito. Dole ne ku jira awa ɗaya ko biyu kafin fuka -fukan su yi ƙarfi don tashi.
Bee (Holometabolism)
Tsutsukan kudan zuma suna fitowa daga wani farin kwai mai tsawo kuma ya kasance a cikin tantanin da aka ajiye kwai. Tsutsa kuma farare ne kuma a cikin kwanaki biyun farko yana cin jelly na sarauta godiya ga ƙudan zuma. Daga nan ya ci gaba da ciyar da wani jelly na musamman, dangane da ko kudan zuma sarauniya ko kudan mai aiki.
Sel inda aka same shi yana rufe a rana ta tara bayan kyankyashewa. A lokacin prepupa da pupae, a cikin tantanin halitta, kafafu, eriya, fikafikan fara bayyana, kirji, ciki da idanu suna haɓaka. Kalarsa tana canzawa sannu a hankali har ta girma. Lokacin da kudan zuma ya kasance a cikin tantanin halitta yana tsakanin kwanaki 8 (sarauniya) da kwanaki 15 (drone). Wannan bambancin ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin ciyarwa.
Kwari
Kwararru 'yan amphibians ne, ma'ana suna rayuwa a ƙasa da ruwa. Koyaya, yayin matakan da ke kaiwa zuwa ƙarshen metamorphosis, suna rayuwa cikin ruwa. Tsutsotsi da ke fitowa daga ƙwai (an ajiye su cikin ruwa) ana kiransu tadpoles kuma suna kama da kifi. Suna iyo da numfashi a ƙarƙashin ruwa, tunda suna da ƙura. Tadpoles suna ƙaruwa cikin girman har zuwa lokacin da metamorphosis ya isa.
A lokacin ta, gutsutsayen sun ɓace kuma tsarin fata yana canzawa, yana ba da damar numfashi na fata. Suna kuma rasa wutsiyarsu. Suna samun sabbin gabobi da gabobin jiki, kamar kafafu (kafafun baya na farko, sannan na gaba) da gland na fata. Kwanyar, wadda aka yi da guringuntsi, ta zama ƙashi. Da zarar an gama metamorphosis, kwado na iya ci gaba da iyo, amma kuma yana iya zama a ƙasa, kodayake koyaushe yana cikin wuraren da ke da danshi.
