Wadatacce
Aoxide wani sinadari ne wanda ya taso daga haɗuwa da wani ƙarfe ƙarfe ko ba ƙarfe tare da oxygen. A cikin tsarin sunadarai, reagent (karfe + oxygen) ana ɗaukarsa a gefen hagu kuma samfurin da aka ƙera daga gare ta a gefen dama. Misali, hadewar alli da iskar oxygen zai samar da sinadarin oxide.
A gaskiya, yawanci oxides An ƙirƙira su a cikin abubuwan da abubuwan sunadarai ke haɗuwa tare da iska ko ruwa, waɗanda ke da babban iskar oxygen: wannan yana haifar da lalacewa akan abubuwan, musamman idan yazo karafa. Don magance wannan, galibi ana amfani da abubuwan antioxidant.
A cikin oxides, yawanci ana yin rarrabuwa gwargwadon kashi wanda aka haɗa oxygen:
- Basic oxides.
- Maganin acid.
- Amphoteric oxide: wani nau'in amphoteric yana cikin mahallin, don haka oxides suna aiki azaman acid ko tushe.
Matsayin sunaye
Don suna irin waɗannan nau'ikan abubuwa, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka uku na hanyoyin da za a yi su:
The nomenclature na gargajiya (ko stoichiometric): Shi ne wanda ke ba da suna valence na takamaiman sunan suna, ta hanyar jerin prefixes da kari. Yadda ake kiran kowane oxide ya bambanta gwargwadon adadin valences da sinadarin ke da shi.
- Lokacin da sinadarin yana da fa'ida ɗaya kawai, za a kira oxide 'oxide (kuma sinadarin da ke da kariyar' ico ', kamar potassium oxide)’
- Lokacin da sinadarin yana da fa'ida biyu, za a kira oxide 'oxide (da sinadarin da ke da kariyar' ico ', kamar ferric oxide) 'Ga mafi girman fa'ida, da' oxide (da sinadarin da ke da kariyar 'bear', kamar ferrous oxide)’
- Lokacin da sinadarin yana da fa'idodi uku, za a kira oxide 'oxide (kuma kashi tare da prefix' hiccup 'da kari' bear ', kamar hyposulfurous oxide) 'Don mafi ƙarancin fa'ida, za a kira shi' oxide (kuma kashi tare da kariyar 'bear', kamar sulfurous oxide) don tsaka -tsakin valence, da 'oxide (da sinadarin da aka sanya' ico ', kamar sulfuric oxide)’
- Lokacin da kashi yana da valamin huɗu, za a kira oxide:
- 'Oxide (da kashi tare da prefix' hiccup 'da kari' bear ')' don mafi ƙarancin ƙima. Misali, oxidehypochlorous.
- 'Oxide (da kashi tare da kariyar' bear ') don ƙaramar valence ta biyu. Misali, chlorous oxide.
- 'Oxide (da kashi tare da ginanniyar kariyar' '' '))' don valence na biyu mafi girma. Misali, chloric oxide.
- 'Oxide (da kashi tare da prefix' per 'da kari' '' '))' don mafi girman darajar. Misali, perchloric oxide.
The tsarin nomenclature Ya fi sauƙi fiye da na gargajiya, kuma ana kiran sunan oxide da sinadarin, amma kafin a rubuta kowanne daga cikinsu adadin adadin atom ɗin da yake da shi a cikin wannan ƙwayar. Prefix 'mono' zai kasance don atom ɗaya, prefix 'di' na biyu, 'tri' don uku, 'tetra' don huɗu, 'penta' don biyar, 'hexa' don shida, '' hepta 'don bakwai da' octo 'don takwas. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da, misali, da dichopper monoxide, da dialuminium trioxide, da carbon dioxide, ko kuma difluorine monoxide.
The Nomenclature na hannun jariA ƙarshe, ya dogara ne akan rubuta kalmar oxide, sannan sunan ƙarfe da lambar oxyidation ko lambar valence wanda yake aiki da ita, a cikin ƙagaggun kuma a cikin adadi na Romawa. Kwatankwacin sunan nomenclature na gargajiya, za a rubuta shi chlorine (I) oxide don hypochlorous oxide, chlorine (II) oxide don chlorous oxide, chlorine (III) oxide don chloric oxide, da chlorine (IV) oxide don perchloric oxide.
Bi da:
- Yaya ake kiran acid?
