Hormones

Wadatacce

• Misalan hormones

The hormones Abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci don aikin al'ada na jikin ɗan adam da sauran rayayyun halittu. Ana samar da su ta wasu gabobin da aka sani endocrine gland, kamar pancreas ko pituitary gland, da shiga cikin jini.

Ana samun Hormones a cikin ƙaramin taro a cikin jini, duk da haka,daidaita muhimman ayyuka sosai kamar haɗuwar sugars, daidaita alli a cikin ƙasusuwa da gametogenesis.

Hormones za a iya ɗauka azaman kwayoyin manzo, cewa daidaita ayyukan sassa daban -daban na jiki. Ya kamata a lura cewa hormones suna aiwatar da aikin su sel daban da wadanda aka hada su a ciki. Yawancin hormones sunadarai ne, wasu kuma steroids abubuwan da aka samo daga cholesterol.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Hormones na Dabbobi da Shuke -shuke

The aikin hormonal Ana iya jawo su a lokuta daban -daban, wasu wuta a cikin dakika, wasu na buƙatar kwanaki da yawa don farawa ko ma makonni ko watanni. Ƙarfin yawancin ayyukan sunadarai na salula ana sarrafa su ta hanyar hormones.

Daga cikin ayyukan da hormones ke aiwatarwa, masu zuwa sun fito:

• Amfani da ajiyar makamashi
• Girma, bunƙasa da haifuwa
• Matakan jini na ruwa, gishiri, da sukari
• Samuwar kashi da tsoka
• Canjin yanayin motsin rai da motsi na motsin abubuwa daban -daban

An jera hormones daban -daban a ƙasa kuma an nuna manyan hanyoyin da suke ciki.

Misalan hormones

1. Testosterone: Yawanci shine hormone wanda ke daidaita ci gaban halayen jima'i na maza na biyu (muryar kauri, ƙwayar tsoka, gashi), kodayake yana da mahimmanci don can ya zama daidai spermatogenesis.
2. Insulin: An samar da wannan hormone ta hanta kuma yana da mahimmanci don daidaita yawan glucose a cikin jini. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da alaƙa da wata cuta ta yau da kullun: ciwon sukari.
3. Glucagon: Yana aiki tare da insulin, don haka yana da mahimmanci a cikin ma'aunin glucose.
4. Parathormone: An samar da wannan hormone ta parathyroid gland kuma yana da hannu cikin metabolism na alli da phosphorus. Yana da matukar mahimmanci ga lafiyar ƙashi da aikin al'ada na bitamin D.
5. Calcitonin: Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar ƙashi, yana aiki sabanin hormone parathyroid.
6. Aldosterone: Yana daidaita matakin sodium da potassium a cikin jini da fitsari; yana da alaƙa da aikin al'ada na koda. An samar da wannan hormone ta hanyar glandan adrenal.
7. Antidiuretic hormone: Yana da hannu wajen sake dawo da kwayoyin ruwa a cikin tubules na koda, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake danganta shi da samar da fitsari. Hakanan ana kiranta vasopressin, yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin homeostasis na jiki.
8. Prolactin: An haɗa shi a cikin glandan pituitary na baya kuma yana daidaita samar da madara ta glandar mammary. Yana ƙaruwa lokacin isarwa yana gabatowa kuma bayan sa.
9. Oxytocin: Wannan hormone yana da mahimmanci don haifar da kumburin mahaifa wanda dole ne ya faru yayin haihuwa, pituitary ne ya samar da shi.
10. Thyroxine: Yana da alaƙa da glandar thyroid kuma yana daidaita yawancin hanyoyin ilimin lissafi, gami da haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel, haɓaka, da haɓaka tsarin juyayi. Cututtuka daban -daban na iya haifar da canje -canje a cikin kira na wannan hormone, mafi yawan shine hypothyroidism da hyperthyroidism.
11. Progesterone: Yana da progestogen da ake buƙata don canje -canjen balaga su faru a cikin endometrium wanda zai ba da damar ci gaban amfrayo, saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a ciki. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a ƙofar balaga don haɓaka gabobin mata kuma galibi ana amfani dashi azaman madadin maye a cikin mazajen haihuwa. An samar da shi a cikin ovary.
12. Somatotrophin: Hakanan ana kiranta hormone girma, yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ci gaban yaro; yana kunna aikin gina jiki, yana haɓaka amfani da glucose da lipolysis. Yana ƙarfafa ci gaban gabobi gaba ɗaya.
13. Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Shi ne sinadarin hormone da ake buƙata don balaga na ƙwanƙwaran mahaifa da kuma kammala hailar mace, wajibi ne don haifuwa.
14. Luteinizing hormone: Yana aiki ta hanyar dacewa da wanda ya gabata, yana motsa ovulation kuma yana fara samuwar corpus luteum. Luteinizing hormone galibi ana gwada shi don gwada matsalolin rashin haihuwa na mata.
15. Adrenaline (epinephrine): Yana da neurotransmitter wanda ke shiga cikin yanayin kariya na halitta daga damuwa, yana aiki a kusan dukkan kyallen takarda; yana da mahimmanci a cikin tashin jirgin sama kuma ana amfani dashi azaman magani a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, gami da kamun zuciya, harin asma, da halayen rashin lafiyan.
16. Cortisol: Yana da glucocorticoid wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin garkuwar jiki, kitse mai, da kuma tsarin da ake kira gluconeogenesis. Haɗinsa da sakinsa yana haifar da yanayi mai wahala.
17. Melatonin: Wannan hormone yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka shafi ilimin halittu daban -daban, yana shafar tsarin garkuwar jiki, tsufa, cututtukan zuciya, canje -canjen bacci / farkawa, har ma yana da alhakin wasu yanayin tabin hankali. Ana amfani da Melatonin don magance matsalar bacci, da sauransu.
18. Estradiol: Yana da hannu cikin haɓaka gabobin haihuwa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaban jima'i na mata, amma kuma yana cikin maza. Yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙashin kashi, kasancewa wani ɓangare na hanyoyin maye gurbin hormone a cikin mata bayan haihuwa.
19. Triiodothyronine: Wannan hormone ne wanda ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin hanyoyin ilimin lissafi (girma da haɓakawa, zafin jiki, bugun zuciya, da sauransu). Ta hanyar tayar da ƙasƙanci na carbohydrates kuma daga mai, yana kunna metabolism na aerobic da lalata gurɓataccen furotin, wato, yana haɓaka metabolism na asali.
20. Androstenedione: Yana da sinadarin hormone na gaba zuwa wasu hormones: androsterone da estrogens; don haka ya zama dole a kula da lafiyar haihuwa, ga maza da mata. An dakatar da amfani da shi azaman kari saboda an dauke shi steroid na anabolic wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙwayar tsoka da juriya na jiki a cikin 'yan wasa.