Wadatacce
- Bambanci tsakanin ilmin kimiya da sauran ilimomi
- Nau'o'in ilimin kimiyya
- Misalai daga ilmin kimiya na zahiri
The ilimin kimiyya sune waɗanda ke tabbatar ko tabbatar da hasashensu ta hanyar takamaiman gogewa da tsinkayar duniya ta hankula. Saboda haka sunansa, daga tsohuwar kalmar Helenanci uwargidan wanda ke nufin 'gogewa'. Hanyar mafi kyawun irin wannan ilimin kimiyya shine hypothetico-deductive.
Yana cewa Hanyar hypothetico-deductive Yana ɗaukar cewa kimiyyar da ta samo asali ta samo asali ne daga gogewa da lura da duniya, kuma ta irin waɗannan hanyoyin za su tabbatar da matsayin su, suna ƙoƙarin yin hasashen ko cire sakamakon da aka samu, alal misali, ta hanyar gwajin gwaji na abin da aka lura..
Duba kuma: Misalan Hanyar Kimiyya
Bambanci tsakanin ilmin kimiya da sauran ilimomi
The ilimin kimiyya an bambanta daga ilimin kimiyya a cikin mafi kyawun ƙoƙarin su don tabbatar da hasashe ta hanyar tabbatar da gogewa, wato daga gogewa da tsinkaye, kodayake wannan ba yana nufin gwaji bane.
A zahirin gaskiya, duk kimiyyar gwaji dole ne ilmin kimiya, amma ba dukkan ilmin kimiya na gwaji bane: wasu na iya amfani da hanyoyin tabbatar da gwaji ba, kamar mai lura I da dangantaka.
Bisa manufa, ilimin kimiyya adawa da ilimin kimiyya a cikin cewa na ƙarshen baya buƙatar tabbataccen tabbataccen tsari da tsarin ba da hujja, amma a maimakon haka gudanar da binciken tsarin dabaru masu ma'ana waɗanda tsarin ƙa'idodin su ba lallai bane kwatankwacin na duniyar zahiri-halitta, kamar yadda lamarin lissafi yake.
Nau'o'in ilimin kimiyya
An raba kimiyyar ilmi zuwa manyan rassa guda biyu:
- Kimiyyar Halittu. Suna gudanar da binciken duniyar zahiri da dokokinta, na duk abin da muke dangantawa da “yanayi”. An kuma san su da kimiyya mai wuya saboda sahihiyar daidaituwa da tabbatarwa.
- Ilimin ɗan adam ko zamantakewa. Maimakon haka, Kimiyyar zamantakewa ko hulda mai taushi da ɗan adam, wanda ƙa'idodin aikinsa ba sa amsawa ga dokoki da hanyoyin da za a iya kwatanta su a duniya, amma ga yanayi da rarrabuwa na ɗabi'a. Suna ba da ƙarancin ƙima na gaskiya na gaskiya fiye da kimiyyar wuya.
Misalai daga ilmin kimiya na zahiri
- Jiki. An fahimce shi azaman bayanin rundunonin da ke aiki a cikin ainihin duniya daga samfuran lissafin lissafi, don tsara dokokin da ke bayyana da hasashen su. Kimiyyar halitta ce.
- Kimiyya. Ilimin kimiyya ne da ke kula da nazarin dokokin da ke jagorantar kwayoyin halitta da alaƙar da ke tsakanin barbashi (atoms and molecules), da abubuwan da ke haɗawa da sauye -sauye waɗanda suke da saukin kamuwa da su. Hakanan ilimin kimiyya ne.
- Ilimin halitta. Abin da ake kira kimiyyar rayuwa, tunda yana sha'awar asalin halittu masu rai da matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, juyin halitta da haifuwa. Iya a kimiyyar halitta, i mana.
- Kimiyyar jiki. An haife shi daga duka ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai, yana rufe waɗancan fannoni na gwaninta da gwaji waɗanda ke buƙatar dubawa sau biyu game da kwayoyin halitta da ayyukan sa, don tantance ayyukansa na ciki da na waje a lokaci guda. Yana da ilimin kimiyyar halitta.
- ilimin kasa. Ilimin kimiyya wanda aka sadaukar don nazarin hanyoyin aiwatar da yadudduka daban -daban na farfajiyar duniyarmu, yana mai da hankali ga takamaiman tarihin ilimin kimiyar ƙasa da geothermal. Hakanan ilimin kimiyya ne.
- Magani. An sadaukar da wannan ilimin don nazarin lafiya da rayuwar ɗan adam, yana ƙoƙarin fahimtar hadadden aikin jikin mu daga kayan aikin da aka aro daga wasu kimiyyar halitta, kamar su sunadarai, ilmin halitta ko kimiyyar lissafi. Tabbas kimiyya ce ta halitta.
- Biochemistry. Wannan reshen kimiyya ya haɗu da ƙa'idodin sunadarai da ilmin halitta don zurfafa cikin ayyukan salula da microscopic na rayayyun halittu, suna nazarin hanyar da abubuwan atomic na jikinsu yana aiki a cikin takamaiman matakai. Kimiyyar halitta ce.
- Ilmin taurari. Kimiyyar da ta shafi kwatantawa da nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin abubuwan sararin samaniya, daga taurari da duniyoyi masu nisa zuwa dokokin da za a iya samu daga kallon sararin samaniya a wajen duniyarmu. Wani kimiyyar halitta ce.
- Tsibirin teku. Nazarin tekuna, daga nazarin halittu, sinadarai da yanayin jiki, yana ƙoƙarin bayyana mafi kyawun dokokin musamman waɗanda sararin samaniya ke aiki da su. Hakanan ilimin kimiyya ne.
- Nanoscience. Wannan shine sunan da aka bayar don nazarin tsarin wanda sikelinsa kusan aƙalla ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, don fahimtar ƙarfin da ke faruwa tsakanin barbashi na waɗannan sikelin kuma yayi ƙoƙarin sarrafa su ta hanyar nanotechnology.
- Anthropology. Nazarin ɗan adam, yana magana gabaɗaya, yana halartar bayyanar zamantakewa da al'adun al'ummomin su a duk tarihin su da duniya. Ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa ne, wato ilimin “taushi”.
- Tattalin Arziki. Ya shafi binciken albarkatu, ƙirƙirar dukiya da rarrabawa da amfani da shi kaya da ayyuka, domin biyan bukatun dan adam. Hakanan ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa ne.
- Ilimin zamantakewa. Kimiyyar zamantakewa daidai gwargwado, tana sadaukar da sha'awarta ga al'ummomin mutane da daban -daban abubuwan al'adu, fasaha, addini da tattalin arziki da ke faruwa a cikinsu.
- Ilimin halin dan Adam. Kimiyyar da ke mai da hankali kan nazarin matakai da tsinkaye na tunanin ɗan adam, halartar yanayin jikinsa da zamantakewa da matakai daban -daban na tsarin mulki ko ci gaba. Hakanan ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa ne.
- Tarihi. Ilimin kimiyya wanda abin bincikensa ya wuce na ɗan adam kuma yana magance shi daga ɗakunan ajiya, shaida, labaru da duk wani tallafin lokaci. Kodayake akwai muhawara game da shi, gaba ɗaya an yarda da la'akari da shi ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewa.
- Lissafi. Kimiyyar zamantakewa da ke sha'awar harsuna daban -daban na ɗan adam da nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa na mutum.
- Dama. Har ila yau ana kiranta kimiyyar shari'a, galibi sun haɗa da ka'idar doka da falsafar doka, gami da yuwuwar hanyoyin zuwa tsarin tsarin doka daban -daban da Jihohi daban -daban suka kirkira don gudanar da ayyukan zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arziƙin yawan jama'a.
- Laburare. Yana magana ne game da nazarin hanyoyin ciki na ɗakunan karatu, gudanar da albarkatun su da tsarin ciki don tsara littattafai. Bai kamata a ruɗe shi da ilimin ɗakin karatu ba kuma shi ma ilimin zamantakewa ne.
- Laifin Laifuka. Duk da kasancewar tarbiyya da tarbiyya iri -iri, galibi ana haɗa ta cikin kimiyyar zamantakewa. Abun bincikensa laifi ne da masu laifi, an fahimce su azaman fasali na ɗan adam daga kayan aikin zamantakewa, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da sauran kimiyyar zamantakewa masu alaƙa.
- Geography. Kimiyyar zamantakewa da ke kula da kwatancen da wakilcin hoto na saman duniyarmu, gami da tekuna da tekuna da yankuna daban -daban, taimako, yankuna da ma al'ummomin da suka ƙunshi ta.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Kimiyyar Tsarkaka da Aiki
- Misalan Kimiyyar Gaskiya
- Misalan Kimiyyar Daidai
- Misalan Kimiyyar Tsari
