Coenzymes

Wadatacce

• Misalan coenzymes

The coenzymes ko masu haɗin gwiwa su kanana iri ne kwayoyin halitta, na yanayin da ba furotin ba, wanda aikinsa a cikin jiki shine safarar takamaiman ƙungiyoyin sunadarai tsakanin enzymes daban-daban, ba tare da kasancewa cikin tsarin ba. Yana da hanyar kunnawa wanda ke cinye coenzymes, waɗanda ake sake sarrafa su ta hanyar metabolism, yana ba da damar ci gaba da sake zagayowar da musayar ƙungiyoyin sunadarai tare da mafi ƙarancin saka hannun jari da makamashi.

Akwai nau'ikan coenzymes iri -iri, waɗanda wasu na kowa ne ga kowane nau'in rayuwa. Yawancin su bitamin ne ko sun fito daga gare su.

Duba kuma: Misalan Enzymes (da aikin su)

Misalan coenzymes

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH da NAD +). Mai shiga cikin halayen redox, ana samun wannan coenzyme a cikin duka sel rayayyun halittu, ko dai a matsayin NAD + (wanda aka kirkira daga karce daga tryptophan ko aspartic acid), mai ƙonawa da mai karɓar lantarki; ko kuma azaman NADH (samfuran amsawar oxyidation), rage wakili da mai ba da wutar lantarki.
• Coenzyme A (CoA). Yana da alhakin canja ƙungiyoyin acyl waɗanda ake buƙata don daban -daban hawan keke na rayuwa (kamar kira da hadawan abu da mai mai), coenzyme ne wanda aka samo daga bitamin B5. Nama, namomin kaza da gwaiduwar kwai sune abinci mai wadata a cikin wannan bitamin.
• Tetrahydrofolic acid (Coenzyme F). An san shi da coenzyme F ko FH₄ Kuma an samo shi daga folic acid (Vitamin B₉), yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin sake zagayowar kira na amino acid kuma musamman purine, ta hanyar watsa methyl, formyl, methylene da formimino. Rashin wannan coenzyme yana haifar da anemia.
• Vitamin K. An danganta shi da abubuwan da ke hana jini, yana aiki azaman mai kunna furotin plasma daban -daban da osteocalcin. Ana samunsa ta hanyoyi uku: Vitamin K₁, yalwa cikin kowane abinci da asalin kayan lambu; Vitamin K₂ na asalin kwayoyin cuta da Vitamin K₃ na asalin roba.
• Mai Rarraba F420. An samo shi daga flavin kuma ɗan takara a cikin jigilar electrons a cikin halayen detox (redox), yana da mahimmanci don yawancin hanyoyin methanogenesis, sulfitoreduction da detoxification na oxygen.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Wannan kwayar halitta dukkan halittu masu rai suna amfani da ita don ciyar da makamashi halayen sunadarai kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin kira na RNA na salula. Ita ce babbar juzu'in juzu'in makamashi daga sel ɗaya zuwa ɗayan.
• S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Shiga cikin canja wurin ƙungiyoyin methyl, an gano shi a karon farko a 1952. Ya ƙunshi ATP da methionine, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman mai taimaka wa rigakafin cutar Alzheimer. A cikin jiki ana samarwa da cinye shi kwayoyin hanta.
• Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Hakanan ana kiranta sapropterin ko BH₄, shine coenzyme mai mahimmanci don haɗakar nitric oxide da hydroxylases na amino acid mai ƙanshi. Rauninsa yana da alaƙa da asarar masu watsawar jijiyoyin jiki kamar dopamine ko serotonin.
• Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). Hakanan an san shi da ubidecarenone ko coenzyme Q, kuma ya zama ruwan dare ga kusan dukkanin sel na mitochondrial. Yana da mahimmanci don numfashi na iska mai iska, yana samar da kashi 95% na kuzari a jikin mutum kamar ATP. Ana ɗaukarsa maganin antioxidant kuma an ba da shawarar azaman ƙarin abincin, tunda a cikin tsufa wannan coenzyme ba za a iya haɗa shi ba.
• Glutathione(GSH). Wannan tripeptide antioxidant ne kuma mai kare sel daga radicals da sauran gubobi. An haɗa shi da gaske a cikin hanta, amma kowane sel na ɗan adam yana iya yin sa daga wasu amino acid, kamar glycine. Anyi la'akari da abokin tarayya mai mahimmanci a cikin yaƙi da ciwon sukari, matakai daban -daban na cutar kansa da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Yana da ciwon sukari wanda ke aiki azaman antioxidant mai ƙarfi kuma sunansa ya fito ne daga cutar da ke haifar da rashi, da ake kira scurvy. Haɗin wannan coenzyme yana da tsada kuma yana da wahala, don haka cin sa ya zama dole ta hanyar abinci.
• Vitamin B₁ (thiamine). Molecule mai narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma mai narkewa cikin barasa, ya zama dole a cikin abincin kusan duk vertebrates da ƙari microorganisms, don haɓaka metabolism carbohydrates. Rashinsa a jikin mutum yana haifar da cututtukan beriberi da cutar Korsakoff.
• Biocytin. Ba makawa a cikin canja wurin carbon dioxide, yana faruwa a zahiri a cikin jini da fitsari. Ana amfani dashi a cikin binciken kimiyya azaman tincture na sel jijiyoyi.
• Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin). Wannan launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi shine mabuɗin a cikin abinci na dabbobi, tunda duk flavoproteins da metabolism metabolism yana buƙatarsa, lipidscarbohydrates, furotin da amino acid. Ana iya samun sa ta halitta daga madara, shinkafa, ko koren kayan lambu.
• Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine). An kawar da coenzyme mai narkar da ruwa ta hanyar fitsari, don haka dole ne a maye gurbinsa ta hanyar abinci: ƙwayar alkama, hatsi, ƙwai, kifi da legumes, da sauran abinci. Yana da hannu a cikin metabolism masu watsawa kuma yana da babban matsayi a cikin da'irar makamashi.
• Lipoic acid. An samo shi daga octanoic fatty acid, yana da hannu a cikin amfani da glucose da kuma kunna yawancin antioxidants. Asalin tsiro ne.
• Vitamin H (biotin). Har ila yau aka sani da Vitamin B₇ ko kuma B.₈, yana da mahimmanci don rushewar wasu kitse da amino acid, kuma da yawa sun haɗa shi kwayoyin cuta hanji
• Coenzyme B.. Yana da mahimmanci a cikin halayen redox na yau da kullun na methane ta rayuwar microbial.
• Cytidine triphosphate. Maɓalli a cikin haɓakar rayayyun halittu, shine babban ƙarfin kuzari, mai kama da ATP. Yana da mahimmanci don haɗin DNA da RNA.
• Ciwon sukari na Nucleotide. Masu ba da sukari monosaccharides, suna da mahimmanci a cikin kundin tsarin nucleic acid kamar DNA ko RNA, ta hanyar hanyoyin esterification.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Enzymes Digestive