Organic da Inorganic Matter

Wadatacce

• Halayen kwayoyin halitta
• Halaye na kwayoyin halitta
• Misalan kwayoyin halitta
• Misalan kwayoyin halitta

Duk abin da ke kewaye da mu ana iya rarrabasu azaman kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta.

The kwayoyin halitta an bayyana shi ta hanyar kafa ta kwayoyin Organic, waɗanda sune waɗanda ke ɗauke da carbon da ke samar da carbon-hydrogen ko carbon-carbon bond. Wannan yana nufin cewa zarra carbon a haɗe zuwa hydrogen ɗaya ko fiye, ko biyu ko fiye da atom ɗin carbon suna haɗe da juna.

The inorganic abu Yana da wanda ba shi da iskar carbon-carbon.

Halayen kwayoyin halitta

• Shi ne wanda yake a cikin dukkan rayayyun halittu: tsirrai, kwayoyin cuta, dabbobi, da dai sauransu.
• Atoms: Baya ga carbon, kwayoyin halitta sun ƙunshi galibi oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, da halogens.
• Suna iya zama na halitta (biomolecules) ko na wucin gadi, waɗanda sune waɗanda mutum ya halicce su.
• Rarraba kwayoyin halitta na asalin halitta in vivo (wadanda ke cikin rayayyun halittu):
  • Carbohydrates: Ya ƙunshi carbon, oxygen da hydrogen. Ana kuma kiran su sugars.
  • Lipids: Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan carbon da hydrogen, kuma zuwa ɗan ƙaramin iskar oxygen, kuma a wasu lokuta phosphorus, sulfur da nitrogen. Ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa (hydrophobic) amma mai narkewa a cikin garkuwar ƙwayoyin cuta.
  • Protein: Sun ƙunshi polypeptides.
  • Nucleic acid: Polymers da ke yin sarƙoƙi. An samar da carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen da phosphate. Shi ne sinadarin da ke adana bayanan kwayoyin halittu masu rai.
  • Ƙananan ƙwayoyin: Daga cikinsu akwai hormones da alkaloids.
• Maganar kwayoyin halitta ta asali ex vivo. Waɗannan su ne waɗancan abubuwan waɗanda suke a waje da sel na kwayoyin halitta. Misali man fetur.
• Kwayoyin halitta na asali na roba: 'Yan adam sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar abubuwan halitta daga abubuwan inorganic godiya ga Wöhler kira.
• Kwayoyin halitta shine abincin kowa kwayoyin heterotrophic.

Halaye na kwayoyin halitta

• A cikin 'yan lokuta inda ya ƙunshi carbon, ba ya samar da carbon-hydrogen ko carbon-carbon bond.
• Atoms: yana da abubuwa iri -iri da yawa fiye da kwayoyin halitta.
• Ba kamar kwayoyin halitta ba, ba shi da haɗin ionic (ko electrovalent).
• Rarrabuwa na kwayoyin halitta:
  • Hanyoyin binary: oxides na ƙarfe, Anhydrides, Peroxides, Hydrides na ƙarfe, Hydrides marasa ƙarfi, Hydracids,Gishiri mai tsaka -tsaki, Gishiri mai sauyawa.
  • Ƙungiyoyin Ternary:Hydroxides, Oxoacids, Oxisales.
• Kwayoyin halittu masu rai suna amfani da kwayoyin halitta don samar da abubuwa na halitta.

A kusa da mu, ba kasafai ake raba kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta ba. Misali, an yi dutse da kwayoyin halitta, amma akan sa za a iya samun abubuwa masu yawa kamar gansakuka, fungi ko ƙananan kwari. Gilashin an yi shi ne da abubuwa marasa tsari, duk da haka ana iya rufe su da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda rayayyun halittu ne don haka kwayoyin halitta. Mu kanmu, ɗayan kowane farfajiya, za mu iya barin alamun mai (Organic) mai da ke kan fata.

Kodayake jikin mu yafi na kwayoyin halitta, tunda duk kyallen takarda da gabobi an kafa ta, akwai tarin ka fita, bitamin da ma'adanai (mahadi inorganic) da muke buƙata, ban da ruwa.

Misalan kwayoyin halitta

1. SugarDuk da kamannin kamanninsa ga m gishiri (abu inorganic), sukari ya bambanta da muhimmin sifa: kwayoyin halitta ne. Abun da aka ƙera shi daga ciki shine sucrose, wanda ƙwayar sa ta ƙunshi carbon, hydrogen da atom atom. Yana daya daga cikin disaccharides.
2. Takarda: Takardar takarda ce wacce galibin sinadarin cellulose, wanda ke fitowa daga fibers na kayan lambu. A cikin kera takarda, abubuwa da yawa na inorganic na iya shiga tsakani, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa ya ƙunshi cellulose, muna ɗaukar shi galibi kwayoyin halitta.
3. Starch
4. Madara. Ya ƙunshi lactose, lipids daban -daban, da caseins (nau'in furotin).
5. Gizon gizo -gizo: Fiber ne da aka yi da sunadarai. Masu gizo -gizo suna amfani da su don farautar kwari, gina gida da kare ƙwai, da tafiya cikin iska.
6. Sabulu: An yi shi da kayan halitta na asalin roba daga sinadaran dauki tsakanin alkali (inorganic) da lipid (Organic).
7. Man masara: Kamar kowane mai, nau'in lipid ne. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mai ba ya sarrafa sarrafawa gaba ɗaya da ruwa, saboda su hydrophobic ne a matakin ƙwayoyin.
8. Wasu: Duk da cewa lokacin da muka yanke su ba ma jin zafi, farce wani bangare ne na kwayoyin halittar jikin mu. Sun ƙunshi matattun sel waɗanda ke ɗauke da keratin, wanda shine nau'in furotin.

Misalan kwayoyin halitta

1. Gishiri: Gishirin tebur wani abu ne wanda ba shi da asali wanda ya ƙunshi sodium da chlorine.
2. Zinariya: Shi sinadari ne tsarki. Ƙarfe ne mai taushi da nauyi, wanda aka saba amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar tsabar kuɗi. Saboda tsananin juriya ga lalata, ana amfani dashi a masana'antu da lantarki.
3. Gilashi: Kodayake mun fi sanin gilashin da mutane suka yi, ana iya samun sa a yanayi. Misali, obsidian. Gilashin da muke gani a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun an yi shi ne daga yashi silica, carbonate sodium, da limestone, yana narkar da su a digiri 1,500.
4. Chlorine, Bleach, ko Bleach: Abin da muka saba sani a matsayin chlorine, bleach ko bleach shine ainihin sodium hypochlorite, wato, sinadarin chlorine, sodium da oxygen.
5. Distilled ruwa: A dabi'a, ruwa yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan halitta, har da ruwan da ya dace da amfanin ɗan adam. Amma ruwan sinadarin ya ƙunshi kwayoyin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin hydrogen da oxygen, wato, abu ne da ba shi da tushe. Don samun ruwa mai tsabta, da distillation tsari, cewa ta hanyar vaporization na ruwa yana tabbatar da cewa babu wani abu na waje a sakamakon ƙarshe.
6. Potassium: Yana da nau'in ƙarfe na alkali. Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan inorganic da muke buƙata don ingantaccen aikin jikin mu. Yana cikin raunin tsoka, aikin neuromuscular, da haɓaka sel, tsakanin sauran ayyuka.
7. Iron: Yana daya daga cikin karafa masu yawa a cikin kasa. Mutane sun yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da sauran nau'ikan abubuwa tun zamanin da. Duk da haka, shi ma wani sinadari ne da jikin mu ke buƙata, ko da yake a cikin irin waɗannan ƙananan abubuwan har ma ba a iya ganin su.