Juyin halittar fasaha yana daya daga cikin matakai masu kayatarwa wanda ya kasance nau'in dan adam a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara, tunda sauye -sauyen sun samo asali ne saboda buƙatun da ɗan adam ke haɓaka daidai da ci gaban rayuwa a doron ƙasa. A farkon matakai, juyin halitta ya ɗan yi jinkiri, yayin da a cikin shekarun da suka gabata canje -canjen suka fara hanyar haɓaka girma.
Wannan shine dalilin da yasa kalmar 'Tsohuwar fasaha'Ya yarda da yawa na ma'auni, nesa da tambayar binary tsakanin' na yanzu 'da' tsoho ': a zamaninmu, fasahar zamani na iya tsufa cikin' yan kwanaki kawai.
Koyaya, don fara kimanta ma'auni don rarrabe fasahar zamani, Ya dace a zana ɗan taƙaitaccen tarihin tarihin juyin halitta na fasaha, a maimakon ta fuskar dangantakarsa da al'umma.
- Tarihi: A lokutan tarihi, kuma har zuwa kusan 7000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, fasaha ta kasance ta farko da rayuwa a cikin ainihin ta. Mutane sun kasance masu farautar farauta, kuma a cikin wannan salon rayuwar fasahar farko ta kasance ƙarƙashin rayuwa, samun abinci da shirya ta. An rubuta bayyanar wuta da wasu kayan aikin dutse a cikin wannan tsarin. Kamar yadda yake da dogon lokaci, gabatarwar farko a cikin batun hanyoyin sufuri, da gano ƙafa, aikin gona da karafa an yi rajista a nan.
- Fasaha fasaha: Fasaha ta fasaha ita ce wacce ba ta buƙatar yin sulhu na kayan aiki, ko kayan aiki masu sauqi. Fasaha, duk da haka, an tsaftace su, yayin da ƙwarewar hannu yayin da masu ilimi suka haɓaka har zuwa matsananci. Kodayake wannan matakin bai yi kama da gabatarwa ga ɗimbin ci gaban fasaha ba, ra'ayin ka'idar dabarun yana da mahimmanci.
- Fasaha da aka sarrafa: Ya samo asali ne daidai da Juyin Masana'antu, kuma yana buƙatar ci gaba da tsarin kimiyya. Ka'idodin da aka yi amfani da su galibi kimiyya ne da fasaha, kuma injin ya sami damar fara ba da ƙarfin da aka ƙuntata wa mutane a baya. Tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da aikin hannu an maye gurbinsa da wanda masana'antu da masana'antu ke mamayewa, kuma kodayake wasu sun nuna rashin amincewa cewa aikin ɗan adam zai ɓace, a ƙarshe hakan bai faru ba.
- Jihar fasahar fasaha: Tun daga 1950, wani sabon nau'in fasaha ya fara faruwa, fasaha 'a ƙarshe'. Anan kuna buƙatar mai aiki ɗaya ne kawai kuma wani lokacin babu, injinan sun inganta sosai kuma tsarin shirye -shiryen ya rage aikin sosai. Ana iya samar da dumbin dumbin albarkatu saboda waɗannan gabatarwar, tare da tasirin tattalin arziƙin da suke samarwa.
- Fasaha masu dorewa: Daga 1990 zuwa yanzu, fasahar wani bangare ne na tsari Rikicin muhalli wanda yana da alhakin wani ɓangare, wanda babban ƙalubalensa shine dorewa. An gyara fasahar don zama mai dorewa tare da muhalli.
Don haka, da alama fasahar tana haɓaka koyaushe ta hanyar mafi girman ci gaban da zai yiwu, har zuwa yanzu lokacin da wasu ƙa'idodi suka bayyana da mahimmanci. A cikin wannan mahallin ne manufar ''Fasaha masu tsabta'Ga waɗanda suka dace da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, tsufa duk waɗanda ba su ba.
The fasahar zamani Su ne waɗanda ta hanyar aiki ko ƙetare, ke haifar da wasu lalacewar muhalli saboda amfani da su. Mafi na kowa shine tasirin muhalli kai tsaye, kwararowar hamada, gurɓataccen iska, samar da shara. Ga wasu misalan waɗannan fasahohin:
- Hanyoyin sufuri da ke amfani da mai da abubuwan da suka samo asali.
- Hanyoyin fasaha waɗanda ke haifar da adadi mai yawa na sharar lantarki.
- Wadanda ke amfani da makamashin nukiliya da makamashin nukiliya.
- Na'urorin tafi -da -gidanka da na'urorin haɗi, duka a cikin eriya da batir.
- Kwandishan.
- Na'urorin da ke amfani da batir, waɗanda ke gurɓata ruwa mai yawa.
- Duk na'urorin da aka yi da platelets, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙananan chromium.
- Ayyukan masana'antu da ke haifar da sharar gida.
- Motoci, waɗanda ke haifar da iskar gas.
- Laser printer, wanda ke gurɓata iska.
- Samar da filastik, musamman PVC, akan babban sikeli.
- Flat allon, wanda ke sakin gas ɗin da ke cutar da yanayi.
- Samfura gami da batura.
- Ayyukan da suka shafi amfani da aerosols.
- Ayyukan aikin gona ta hanyar amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari da ciyawa.
