Misalan Ruwa, Ruwa da Gas - Encyclopedia

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Halayen daskararru
Misalan daskararru
Halayen ruwa
Misalan ruwa (yanayin ruwa)
Misalan yanayin gas (gas)

Lokacin da kake tunani game da al'amari, Yawancin lokaci ana ɗauka cewa akwai jihohi uku waɗanda za su iya samun tsari a ciki: m, ruwa da gas. Lallai, waɗannan su ne ukun da aka fi sani da abin da ake kira 'jihohi uku na tarawa ', kodayake akwai na huɗu da ake kira plasma wanda za a iya gabatarwa kawai a ƙarƙashin tsananin zafin jiki, yana barin zarra warwatse.

The jihohi uku na tarawa Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sune waɗanda sunadarai ke yin nazari akai -akai, tare da wasu abubuwa da za su iya bayyana a cikin dukkan nau'ikan guda uku: mafi kyawun misalin wannan shine Ruwa.

Ƙididdigar jihar canje -canje: Tambaya mai ban sha'awa game da jihohin tara kwayoyin halitta shine cewa akwai yuwuwar tafiya daga kowane jahohi uku zuwa wani, ba lallai bane sasancin kowace jiha.

Zuwa ga canji m zuwa ruwa Ana kiranta haɗuwa kuma akasin haka ƙarfafawa.
Zuwa ga canji ruwa zuwa gas Ana kiranta vaporization da kishiyarta sandaro.
Zuwa ga canji mai ƙarfi a cikin gas Ana kiranta sublimation da kishiyarta baya sublimation.

The m Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka haɗa da barbashi waɗanda ke daure sosai. Barbashi na iya motsawa amma a cikin ɗan ƙaramin mataki, tunda mahimmin yanayin shine daskararru ba sa watsawa ko gudana.

Halayen daskararru

The m ana halin su da samun kaɗan elasticitySabili da haka, da zarar sun lalace, ba su maido da asalin surar da kansu.
Siffar da ƙarar tana da ƙarfi, kuma ba za a iya matsa su ba don haka ba za a iya rage ƙarar su ta danna su ba. Duk da haka, daskararru suna daɗa faɗaɗa da kwangila; ƙara girma lokacin zafi da rage shi lokacin sanyaya.
Ƙaƙƙarfan yanki wanda aka yi dangane da daskararru ana yin sa tsakanin crystalline (wanda ke da tsarin atomic na yau da kullun) da amorphous (waɗanda aka haɗa da barbashi da aka tsara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba).

Misalan daskararru

Wadannan sune jerin misalai na abubuwa masu ƙarfi na jihar.

Gishirin tebur
Diamond
Kankara
Amber
Sulfur
Ma'adini
Lu'u -lu'u
Iron
Sugar
Robobi masu wuya

Magnetite
Kaolin
Itace
Yashi
Graphite
Feldspar
Jefa
Coal
Silicon
Chalcopyrite

The ruwa su abubuwa ne da su ma suna da kunkuntar tsari na barbashi. Koyaya, a nan rundunonin masu jan hankali sun raunana don haka waɗannan barbashi suna motsawa suna karo da juna, suna rawar jiki da zamewa juna.

Halayen ruwa

Ruwa yana iya samun yawa kama da daskararru, amma a lokaci guda suna daidaitawa da kwarara, koyaushe suna da siffar akwati da ke ɗauke da su.
The danko Halayya ce da ke da nasu, amma zuwa wani daban gwargwadon hali.
Sauran hankula Properties na ruwa jihar shine na surface tashin hankali (wanda sojojin jan hankali ke bayarwa ta kowane bangare) da iyawa (sauƙi na ruwa don hawa ta cikin bututu na ƙananan diamita).

Misalan ruwa (yanayin ruwa)

Jerin mai zuwa ya haɗa misalai na abubuwa masu ruwa:

Ruwa
Glycerin
Acetone
Madara
Formol
Vinegar
Karfe mai narkewa
Abincin mai
Man sunflower
Ruwan 'ya'yan itace

Toluene
Ruwan lu'ulu'u
Phosphoric acid
Ruwan Cerebrospinal
Benzene
Gishiri
Chloroform
Mai
Barasa Ethyl
Mercury

The gaseous hali al'amarin ya sha bamban da sauran biyun. Ƙungiyoyin masu jan hankali kusan babu su, don haka barbashi ya rabu da juna.

Wasu halaye na yanayin gas

Yunkurin da suke yi yana da sauri kuma ba a sarrafa shi, yana tafiya har ma da nisa mai nisa: wannan shine abin da ke bayyana dalilin da yasa gas ɗin ke ɗaukar girma da sifar wurin da yake.
Yawan nau'ikan iskar gas daban -daban ya yi ƙasa da na ruwa da daskararru, kuma iskar gas ɗin tana da sauƙin fahimta.
Dokokin gas, waɗanda Charles da Gay-Lussac suka ba da gudummawa, sun kasance mahimman abubuwan gas, suna nufin alaƙar da ke tsakanin matsin lamba da zafin gas.