Shugabannin Masu Mulki

Wadatacce

• Halaye na shugaba mai kama -karya
• Misalai na shugabanni masu mulkin kai

A autocrat ko autocratic ko mai mulkin mallaka shine jagoran rukunin mutane, ƙasa ko al'umma wanda An ba da ikon yin cikakken yanke shawara, yin oda da cikakken jagorana saiti, ta hanyar umarni na musamman da babu tantama, galibi ana ci gaba da shi a cikin ikon mulkin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba. A siyasa, ana kiran shugabanni masu iko masu mulkin kama karya ko masu kama -karya.

A wannan yanayin, Autocracy zai zama abin koyi na gwamnati da ke sanya dukkan ikon jama'a a hannun mutum guda da duk ikon yanke hukunci, koda kuwa sun saba wa muradun mutane da kansu ko yin biyayya ga son rai ko fa'idodin mutum na jagora. Gaba ɗaya, irin waɗannan gwamnatoci an kafa su da ƙarfi.

Ana iya la'akari da tsarin mulkin da ke adawa da na dimokuraɗiyya, inda manyan mutane ke zaɓar wakilansu don jagorantar al'umma kuma akwai hanyoyin sarrafawa, kulawa ko katse wannan ikon. A cikin mulkin kama -karya, iko ba ya ba da damar tambayar nufin shugaba.

Sarakuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, masu mulkin duk wata alama ta siyasa da azzaluman shugabannin wasu gungun masu aikata miyagun laifuka na iya zama misalai masu kyau na wannan.

Halaye na shugaba mai kama -karya

Gabaɗaya ana rarrabe autocrats kamar haka:

• Suna da kwarjini kuma sun tsaya kan madafun iko don neman buƙatun gama gari.
• Suna riƙe duk ikon yanke shawara kuma suna dora shi akan wasu ta hanyar ƙarfi (na doka, soja, tattalin arziki ko ma na zahiri).
• Ba sa barin tambayar ikonsu kuma suna hanzarta zartar da kowane nau'in adawa ko zargi.
• Suna nuna son rai da ɓacin rai kuma suna manne wa mulki ta kowace hanya.
• Ba a ba su zargi ko sanin kansu ba, amma koyaushe suna tunanin mafi dacewa ko mafi dacewa don jagorantar wasu.
• Yana yin barazana, azabtarwa da tsananta wa na ƙasa da shi, don kiyaye takamaiman tsari.

Jagorancin Mulki a Duniyar Kasuwanci

Samfuran jagoranci masu mulkin kama -karya, waɗanda ke sadaukar da 'yanci na mutum don fifita tsari mafi tsauri ko mafi inganci, galibi ana tambayar su a duniyar kamfanoni.

A gaskiya, ana rarrabewa cikin yaren kasuwanci tsakanin adadi na "shugaba" da "shugaba" dangane da kusancinsa da ma'aikata na yau da kullun, kasancewarsa mai dacewa da sabbin dabaru, jiyyarsa ta kwance da kuma iyawarsa ta yin wahayi maimakon tsoratar da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsa.

Misalai na shugabanni masu mulkin kai

1. Adolfo Hitler. Wataƙila shugaba mai mulkin kama -da -wane, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan haruffa a cikin tarihin ɗan adam, jagoran Nazism kuma mai aiwatar da ɗaya daga cikin mafi ɓarna da tsara akidojin wariyar launin fata game da kisan kare dangi na kowane lokaci. Mulkin Hitler akan masarautar Jamus ta wancan lokacin (mai kiran kansa III Reich) ya kasance mai baƙin ciki tun lokacin da Jam'iyyar Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) ta karɓi mulki a 1934 kuma ta kira ta Führer (jagora) tare da madafan iko don jagorantar kasar yadda ake so. Wannan ya sa Jamus ta fara Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wanda a ƙarshe Hitler ya kashe kansa.
2. Fidel Castro. Ofaya daga cikin mashahuran mashahuran alamun siyasa masu rikitarwa na yankin Latin Amurka, wanda mai juyi ya ɗauka a matsayin alamar gwagwarmaya da mulkin mallaka na Arewacin Amurka. Castro ya jagoranci 'yan gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali na adawa da mai mulkin kama -karya na Cuba na wancan lokacin Fulgencio Batista. An san wannan taron a matsayin Juyin Juya Halin Cuba kuma ya kawo Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Cuba zuwa kan mulki, ƙarƙashin ikon Fidel na musamman, daga nasararsa a 1959 zuwa 2011., lokacin da ya bar ɗan'uwansa Raúl a kan mulki. A lokacin gwamnatinsa, al'ummar Cuba sun sami canji sosai kuma an zartar da hukuncin kisa, zalunci da tilasta masu gudun hijira.
3. Marcos Pérez Jiménez. Soja na Venezuelan kuma mai mulkin kama -karya, ya yi mulkin Venezuela daga 1952 zuwa 1958, bayan juyin mulkin soji wanda ya shiga ya ɗauki ragamar mulkin ƙasar, inda ya kawar da zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa, marubuci Rómulo Gallegos. Gwamnatinsa ta azzalumai tana da sabon zamani kuma tana da alaƙa da ɓarnar bonanza na mai, duk da tsanantawa, azabtarwa da kashe -kashen da ta yiwa abokan hamayyarta na siyasa.. Daga karshe an sauke shi daga mukaminsa sakamakon zanga -zangar gama gari da juyin mulkin da ya tilasta masa gudun hijira a Jamhuriyar Dominica sannan a Franco ta Spain.
4. Robert Mugabe. Dan siyasar Zimbabwe kuma soja, shugaban gwamnatin kasarsa daga 1987 zuwa yau. An kaddamar da hawansa mulki bayan samun 'yancin kan Zimbabwe, inda ya shiga a matsayin gwarzon kasa gwamnatin zaluntar danniya kan masu cin mutuncin ta, na yaudarar dimokradiyya da baitulmalin gwamnati, wanda ya jefa kasar cikin rikicin kudi.. An kuma zarge shi da kasancewa mai kitsa kisan kiyashin da aka yi tsakanin 1980 zuwa 1987, wanda ya yi sanadiyar kashe 'yan kabilar Ndebele 20,000 ko Matabele.
5. Francisco Franco. Sojan Spain da mai kama -karya, wanda juyin mulkinsa a 1936 ya kawo ƙarshen Jamhuriyyar Spain ta biyu kuma ya fara Yaƙin Basasa na Spain (1936-1939), wanda a ƙarshe Franco da kansa zai ɗauki matsayin "Caudillo de España" har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1975. A lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance Cikakke kuma azzalumin Shugaban Gwamnati, wanda ke da alhakin kisa da yawa, tsanantawa, sansanonin tattarawa da ƙawance da Nazis na Jamus da sauran gwamnatocin fascist na Turai.
6. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "El Jefe" ko "El Benefactor", ya kasance sojan Dominican wanda ya yi mulkin tsibirin da hannun ƙarfe na tsawon shekaru 31, kai tsaye da kuma ta hannun shugabannin tsana. Wannan lokacin a tarihin siyasar ƙasar da aka sani da suna El Trujillato kuma babu shakka yana ɗaya daga cikin mulkin kama -karya da kuma mulkin kama -karya a Latin Amurka.. Gwamnatin sa ta kasance mai adawa da kwaminisanci, mai danniya, tare da kusan 'yanci na jama'a ba tare da ci gaba da take hakkokin dan adam ba, kuma wata alama ce ta halayyar shugaban.
7. Hoton Jorge Rafael Videla. Sojan Argentina da mai mulkin kama-karya, wanda hawansa mulki a 1976 sakamakon juyin mulkin soji ne wanda ya kifar da gwamnatin shugaban kasa na lokacin Isabel Martínez de Perón tare da girka mulkin soja a mulki, ta haka ne aka fara lokacin ɓarna na Tsarin Sake Shirya Ƙasa, wanda a lokacin dubban mutane suka ɓace, aka sace su, aka azabtar da su, aka kashe su kuma aka tsananta musu.. Videla ya kasance shugaban kasa tsakanin 1976 zuwa 1981, kodayake mulkin kama -karya ba zai fadi ba sai 1983, bayan sojoji da bala'in da ya faru wanda shine yakin Malvinas da Burtaniya.
8. Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Dan mulkin kama karya na Nicaraguan, soja da dan kasuwa wanda aka haifa a Nicaragua a 1925 kuma aka kashe shi a Asunción, Paraguay, a 1980. Ya shugabanci kasarsa tsakanin 1967 zuwa 1972, sannan kuma tsakanin 1974 da 1979, ci gaba har ma a cikin lokacin shiga tsakani mafi tsananin iko da cikakken ikon al'umma a matsayin Daraktan Tsaron Kasa. Shi ne na ƙarshe na dangin masu mulkin kai wanda ya danne juyin juya halin Sandinista. Wanda ya mallaki kamfanoni sama da talatin a ciki da wajen Nicaragua, ya yi murabus ya tafi gudun hijira, inda kwamandan juyin juya hali ya kashe shi.
9. Mao Tse Tung. Sunan Mao Zedong, shi ne babban darektan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China lokacin da ta kwace mulki a kan kasar baki daya a 1949, bayan da ya ci yakin basasa da shelar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, wanda ya yi mulki har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1976. Gwamnatin sa ta kasance Marxist-Leninist tare da zurfafa da tashin hankali na akida da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa waɗanda ke da rigima sosai a zamaninsa, kuma hakan ya gina ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a cikin halayensa..
10. Margaret Taccher. Wanda ake kira "Uwargidan ƙarfe", idan aka ba ta cikakken iko kan ƙirar ƙasar, ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Firayim Ministan Burtaniya a 1979, matsayin da ta riƙe har zuwa 1990. Gwamnatin sa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da ta mai zaman kanta ta kasance mai tsaurin ra'ayi tare da masu tozarta shi, kodayake cikin iyakokin dimokradiyya. A lokacin mulkinsa an aiwatar da sauye sauyen Ingila kuma Argentina ta sha kashi a yakin Falklands.