Misalai 10 na Masarautar Monera - Encyclopedia

Wadatacce

Misalan Monera Kingdom
Halaye
Karin bayani?

Masarautun yanayi rabe -raben da ke ba da damar rarrabasu rayayyun halittu don sauƙaƙe nazarinsa da fahimtarsa.

Masarautun halitta biyar sune:

Masarautar kayan lambu (Plantae): Su kwayoyin halittu ne masu iya photosynthesis, waɗanda ba su da ikon motsawa kuma suna da bangon cellulose.
Masarautar Dabbobi (Animalia): Waɗannan su ne waɗannan kwayoyin halittar da ke da ikon motsi, waɗanda ba su da bangon tantanin halitta, waɗanda ke da ƙwayar cuta kuma suna haɓaka daga tayi.
mulkin fungi: Su ne kwayoyin da ba sa motsawa kuma suna da ganuwar sel na chitin.
mulkin mallaka: Halittu masu tsari iri ɗaya kamar na dabbobi, tsirrai da fungi (sel eukaryotic) amma ba za a iya rarrabasu cikin sauran duniyoyin ba.
Masarautar Monera: Ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin prokaryotic.

Masarautar Monera ita ce kawai inda ake samun ƙwayoyin prokaryotic. A cikin sauran masarautu huɗu an haɗa kwayoyin halittar eukaryotic.

The sel Eukaryotes su ne waɗanda ke da rarrabuwar tsakiya, wato, kayan halittar jikinsu ya rabu da cytoplasm ta ɓarna ta nukiliya. Kwayoyin suna gabatar da DNA kyauta a cikin cytoplasm.

A masarautar Monera muna samun kwayoyin kusan na musamman unicellular kamar kwayoyin cuta ko archaea.

Misalan Monera Kingdom

Escherichia coli: Phylum: proteobacteria. Darasi: gammaproteobacteria. Umarni: enterobacteriales. Bacillus gram-negative wanda ke haifar da cututtukan gastrointestinal.
Lactobacillus casei: Rarraba: tabbatattu. Class: Bacilli: Order: Lactobacillales. Gram positive anaerobic bacteria da ake samu a cikin hanji da bakin mutane. Yana samar da lactic acid.
Clostridium tetani: Raba: Tabbatattu. Darasi: clostridia. Umarni: clostridiales. Gram -positive bacteria, spore-forming da anaerobic. Ana samuwa a cikin gabobin ciki na dabbobi. Yana haifar da munanan cututtuka a cikin mutane, misali cutar tetanus.
Clostridium septicum: Raba: Tabbatattu. Darasi: clostridia. Umarni: clostridiales. Gram tabbatacce anaerobic bacteria. Yana haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane kamar ƙurji, grangrene, neutropenic enterocolitis, da sepsis.
Chlamydia (chlamydia): Raba: chlamydiae. Umarni: chlamydiales. Gram negative bacteria da ke haifar da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i.
Clostridium botulinum: Raba: Tabbatattu. Darasi: clostridia. Umarni: Clostridiales. Bacillus samu a cikin ƙasa. Saboda narkar da shi, yana haifar da guba wanda ke haifar da botulism.
Sorangium cellulosum: Rarraba: Proteobacteria. Darasi: deltaproteobacteria. Umarni: Myxococcales. Manyan kwayoyin cuta. Tana da mafi girma da aka sani a cikin kwayar cuta.
Serpulina (bachyspira): Raba: spirochaetes. Darasi: spirochaetes. Umarni: spirochaetales. Kwayoyin anaerobic waɗanda ke lalata mutane.
Vibrio vulnificus. Rarraba: proteobacteria. Darasi: gammaproteobacteria. Oda: vibrionales. Bacillus mai jure gishiri, don haka zai iya bunƙasa a cikin ruwan teku. Kwayar cuta ce ga mutane, wato tana haifar da cututtuka. Yana da kwayoyin gram-negative.
Bifidobacteria. Rarraba: actinobacteria. Darasi: actinobacteria. Umarni: bifidobacteriales. Ba su kwayoyin cuta samu a cikin hanji. Suna shiga cikin narkewar abinci kuma suna rage haɗarin rashin lafiyar jiki, ban da hana ci gaban wasu ciwace -ciwacen.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalai 50 daga kowace Masarauta

Halaye

Ba su da gabobin jiki: ban da ƙarancin ƙwayar sel, ba su da plastids, mitochondria, ko kowane tsarin endomembrane.
Abinci: suna ciyarwa ta osmotrophy, wato, suna shan abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar osmosis na abubuwa masu narkar da muhalli. Wannan abincin na iya zama:
- Heterotrophic: suna cin abinci kwayoyin halitta daga wasu kwayoyin halitta. Suna saprophytes idan sun ci abinci sharar gida; parasites idan sun ci abinci akan halittu masu rai ko alamar magana idan sun kulla alaka da wata jiki wanda duka biyun ke amfana da su.
- Autotroph: suna haɓaka abincin su ta hanyar photosynthesis ko chemosynthesis.
Dogaro da isasshen Oxygen: Ba duk kwayoyin halittu a masarautar Monera ke amfani da iskar oxygen don haɓaka su ba. Wadanda ke amfani da iskar oxygen ana kiran su aerobes wadanda kuma basa bukatar sa ana kiran su anaerobes.
Haihuwa: Yana da yawa mai lalata ta hanyar binary fission. A takaice, babu mitosis.
Locomotion: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya motsawa godiya ga flagella.
DNA: An yi masa siffa kamar igiyar madauwari kuma kyauta a cikin cytoplasm.