Ire -iren Geography

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Wadatacce

Nau'in yanayin ɗan adam
Iri yanayin ƙasa

The labarin kasa kimiyya ce ke nazarin saman duniyar Duniya: bayaninsa na zahiri da na halitta (sauƙaƙe, yanayi, ƙasa, fure da fauna); wakilinta mai hoto da al'ummomin da ke zaune a ciki. Geography ya bayyana kuma yayi bayanin abubuwan halitta da na zamantakewa, yadda suke kuma yadda suke canzawa akan lokaci.

An raba geography zuwa manyan rassa biyu: yanki na yanki (yana nazarin hadadden yanki kamar yankuna, yankuna, shimfidar wurare, ƙasashe) da kuma labarin ƙasa gaba ɗaya, wanda ya kasu zuwa:

Tarihin ɗan adam. Yi nazarin al'ummomin ɗan adam, alaƙar da ke tsakanin su, ayyukan da suke aiwatarwa da muhalli (ƙasa, mahallin) da suke zaune.Yi nazarin ɗan adam da alaƙa da muhallinsa. Ya ƙunshi rassan karatu daban -daban, misali: yanayin al'adun ɗan adam, yanayin ƙasa na karkara.
Yanayin yanayin jiki. Yi nazarin halayen zahiri na farfajiyar ƙasa da abubuwan da suka haɗa ta: yanayin taimako, ciyayi, yanayi. Ya ƙunshi rassan karatu daban -daban, misali: canjin yanayi, geomorphology

Nau'in yanayin ɗan adam

Tarihin ɗan adam na karkara. Yi nazarin yankunan karkara, tsarin su, tsarin su, ayyukan su, yadda aka kafa su, ingancin rayuwarsu. Wasu kimiyyar da za su iya haɗin gwiwa tare da wannan sune agronomy da tattalin arziki.
Tarihin ɗan adam na birni. Yi nazarin yankuna na birni, tsarin su, halayen su, abubuwan da ke haɓaka su, juyin su akan lokaci. Yi nazarin yanayin birane, biranen birane.
Likitan ɗan adam na likitanci. Yi nazarin illolin muhalli ga lafiyar mutane. Yi nazarin yanayin lafiyar jama'a. Kimiyyar taimakon sa magani ne.
Tarihin ɗan adam na sufuri. Yana yin nazarin hanyoyin sufuri da hanyoyin sufuri a cikin sararin da aka bayar, tasirin su ga al'umma da yanayin yanayi.
Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam. Yi nazarin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi a cikin wani yanki. Yana nuna nau'o'in ƙungiyoyin tattalin arziki daban -daban da kuma amfani da albarkatun ƙasa.
Tarihin ɗan adam Sociopolitical. Yi nazarin siffofin ƙungiyar siyasa da zamantakewa na yawan jama'a, cibiyoyi, tsarin gwamnati.
Tarihin ɗan adam na al'adu. Yi nazarin al'adun kowace jama'a ko al'umma da alaƙar da ke tsakanin su.
Tarihin ɗan adam na tarihi. Yi nazarin canje -canjen al'adu na zamantakewa wanda wani yanki ko yanki ke fuskantar shekaru.
Geography na tsufa. Har ila yau da aka sani da ilimin gerontological geography, yana nazarin tasirin tsofaffi a cikin yawan jama'a.

Iri yanayin ƙasa

Climatology. Yi nazarin yanayin yanayin yanki. An raba shi bi da bi zuwa yanayin nazarin yanayi (ilimin kididdiga yana nazarin halayen yanayin), yanayin canjin yanayi (yana nazarin yanayin manyan yankunan ƙasa) da yanayin yanayin birni (yana nazarin yanayin yanayin wani birni).
Geomorphology. Yi nazarin sifofin fuskar ƙasa. An raba shi zuwa: fluvial geomorphology (yana nazarin waɗannan yankuna waɗanda aka kafa sakamakon yashewa da hanyoyin ruwan sama), gangarawar ƙasa geomorphology (nazarin manyan ƙasashe, kamar duwatsu), geomorphology na iska (lura da yadda yanayin ke canzawa saboda tasirin tasirin iska), yanayin yanayin glacial (yana nazarin yankin da manyan wuraren kankara ke rufe), geomorphology na yanayi (yana nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin yanayi da ƙasa) da yanayin yanayin yanayi mai ƙarfi (yana nazarin gyare -gyaren ƙasa ta hanyar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na asali da rushewar ƙasa) .
Hydrography. Yi nazarin wuraren da manyan ruwa suka mamaye. An raba shi zuwa hydromorphometry (yana nazarin koguna da rafuffuka, halayen su, girman su) da kuma nazarin ruwa (yana nazarin ƙasa da saman tekuna).
Yankin gabar teku. Yi nazarin halayen iyakokin koguna, tekuna, rafuffuka, tabkuna.
Biogeography. Yi nazarin rayayyun halittu a sararin samaniya. An raba shi zuwa tsarin jikin mutum (yana nazarin flora na yankin da alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan mutane), zoogeography (yana nazarin dabbobin yankin da alaƙar da suka kulla da juna) da kuma ilimin halittar tsibiri (yana nazarin rayuwar dabbobi da tsirrai a tsibiran) .
Pilmin lissafi. Yi nazarin asalin ƙasa a wani yanki na musamman.
Palaeogeography. Ya ƙware a sake gina sararin samaniya a duk faɗin zamanin ƙasa. An kasu kashi uku: paleoclimatology (yana nazarin bambancin canjin yanayi tsawon shekaru), paleogeobiography (yana nazarin bambancin yankin dangane da tsirrai da dabbobi), paleohydrology (yana nazarin canjin teku, koguna, tabkuna).