Masu karɓar azanci

Wadatacce

• Fata
• Harshe
• Hanci
• Idanuwa
• Ji

The masu karɓar azanci Suna cikin tsarin juyayi, tunda sune ƙarshen jijiyoyin da ke cikin gabobin azanci.

The gabobin azanci su ne fata, hanci, harshe, idanu da kunnuwa.

Hanyoyin da masu karɓa na karɓa ke karɓa ana watsa su ta hanyar tsarin juyayi zuwa ga ɓarna. Waɗannan matsalolin na iya haifar da halayen son rai ko na son rai. Misali, jin sanyi da tsinkaye na masu karɓa na fata zai iya haifar da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi don haɗawa da kuma ba da son rai don girgiza.

Lokacin da tsarin juyayi ya karɓi ƙarfafawa daga masu karɓa na azanci, yana ba da umarni ga tsokoki da gland, wanda haka ke aiki azaman masu tasiri, wato, waɗanda ke nuna martani na kwayoyin.

Amsawa ga abubuwan ƙarfafawa na iya zama motsi (mai haifar da tsoka) ko hormonal (mai aiwatarwa shine gland).

Masu karɓar azanci suna da wasu halaye:

• Suna takamaiman: Kowane mai karɓa yana da hankali ga wani nau'in ƙarfafawa. Misali, masu karɓa a kan harshe ne kawai ke iya jin ɗanɗano.
• Suna daidaitawa: Lokacin da motsawar ta ci gaba, raunin jijiya yana raguwa.
• Farin Ciki: Yana da ikon mayar da martani ga abubuwan motsa jiki, yana danganta motsawa zuwa takamaiman yanki na kwakwalwa da kuma amsawa.
• Suna ba da amsa ga lamba: Mafi girman ƙarfin abin da ke motsawa, ana aika ƙarin motsin jijiya.

Dangane da asalin ƙarfafawa da aka shirya don karɓa, an rarrabe masu karɓar azanci zuwa:

• Masu karɓa na waje: Su ne sassan ƙwayoyin jijiya waɗanda ke da ikon karɓar motsawa daga muhallin da ke waje da jiki.
• Internoceptors: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke gano canje -canje a cikin yanayin ciki na jiki, kamar zafin jiki, abun da ke ciki da acidity na jini, hauhawar jini, da tarin carbon dioxide da oxygen.
• Proprioceptors: Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke gano yanayin canjin matsayi, alal misali, lokacin motsi kai ko ƙwanƙwasa.

Ma'abota na'uran na'urori masu karɓa:

Fata

Matsa lamba, zafi da sanyi masu karɓa a cikin fata. Suna samar da abin da muka saba kira "taɓawa."

1. Ruffini corpuscles: Su ne thermoreceptors na gefe, wanda ke ɗaukar zafi.
2. Krause corpuscles: Su ne masu ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin zafin jiki da ke kama sanyi.
3. Vater-Pacini corpuscles: Wadanda ke ganin matsin lamba akan fata.
4. Fayafan Merkel na kuma jin matsin lamba.
5. Tun da taɓarɓarewa muma muna jin zafi, ana samun nociceptors a cikin fata, wato masu karɓar jin zafi. Ƙari musamman, su injiniyoyi ne, waɗanda ke gano yanke abubuwan motsa jiki a cikin fata.
6. Gawarwakin Meiisner suna bin sawu mai taushi, kamar shafawa.

Harshe

Anan shine ma'anar ɗanɗano.

1. Dandano ɗanɗano: Su ne chemoreceptors. Akwai kusan jijiyoyin 10,000 da aka rarraba akan farfajiyar harshe. Kowane nau'in chemoreceptor yana da takamaiman nau'in dandano ɗaya: mai daɗi, gishiri, tsami, da ɗaci. Ana rarraba kowane nau'in chemoreceptors a cikin harshe, amma kowane nau'in ya fi mai da hankali a wani yanki. Misali, ana samun sinadarin chemoreceptors don zaki a bakin harshe, yayin da wadanda aka saba da su don gane haushi suna a kasan harshe.

Hanci

Anan ana jin ƙamshi.

1. Ƙunshin ƙanshin ƙanshi da rassan jijiyarsa: rassan jijiyoyin suna a ƙarshen hancin (a ɓangaren sama) kuma suna karɓar motsawa daga hanci da baki. Don haka wani ɓangare na abin da muke ɗauka azaman dandano a zahiri ya fito ne daga ƙanshi. A cikin waɗannan rassan akwai ƙwayoyin ƙanshin ƙanshin turare waɗanda ke watsa motsin ƙamshi wanda ƙanshin ƙamshi ya tattara, wanda ke haɗawa da jijiyar ƙanshin, wanda a ƙarshe yana watsa waɗannan abubuwan zuwa kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Kwayoyin ƙanshi suna fitowa ne daga pituitary mai launin rawaya, wani mucosa da ake samu a saman hancin hanci. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna iya ganin ƙanshin asali guda bakwai: kafur, musky, fure, minty, ethereal, pungent da putrid. Koyaya, akwai dubunnan haɗuwa tsakanin waɗannan ƙanshin bakwai.

Idanuwa

Anan ne ma'anar gani.

1. Idanuwa: Sun ƙunshi iris (ɓangaren ido mai launi), ɗalibi (ɓangaren idon baki) da sclera (farin ɓangaren ido). Idanuwa suna karewa ta manyan rufi da ƙananan. A cikinsu, gashin idanu yana kare su daga kura. Hawaye kuma wani nau'i ne na kariya tunda suna yin tsaftacewa akai -akai.

Hakanan, kwanyar tana wakiltar kariya mai ƙarfi, tunda idanun suna cikin kwandon idon, kewaye da kashi. Kowane ido yana motsawa godiya ga tsokoki huɗu. Retina yana kan cikin ido, yana rufe bangon ciki. Retina shine mai karɓa na azanci wanda ke juyar da abubuwan gani zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki.

Koyaya, aikin daidai na gani shima ya dogara ne akan karkacewar kusurwar ido, wato, ɓangaren gaba da na ido wanda ke rufe iris da ɗalibi. Ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi ko ƙarami yana haifar da cewa hoton bai isa ga tantanin ido ba saboda haka kwakwalwa ba zata iya fassara ta daidai ba.

Ji

A cikin wannan gabobin akwai duka masu karɓa da ke da alhakin ji, haka kuma waɗanda ke daidaitawa.

1. Cochlea: Shi ne mai karɓa da aka samu a cikin kunnen ciki kuma yana karɓar rawar murya kuma yana watsa su ta hanyar motsin jijiya ta jijiyar ji, wanda ke kai su zuwa kwakwalwa. Kafin ya isa kunnen ciki, sauti yana shiga ta kunnen waje (pinna ko atrium) sannan ta tsakiyar kunne, wanda ke karɓar sautin sauti ta cikin kunnen. Ana watsa waɗannan jijjiga zuwa kunnen ciki (inda cochlea yake) ta cikin ƙananan ƙasusuwa da ake kira guduma, anvil, da stapes.
2. Hanyoyin magudanar ruwa: Hakanan ana samun su a cikin kunnen ciki. Waɗannan su ne bututu guda uku waɗanda ke ɗauke da endolymph, wani ruwa wanda ke fara yawo yayin da kai ya juyo, godiya ga otoliths, waɗanda ƙananan kristal ne masu sauƙin motsi.