Ka'idodin Tsaro da Tsabta

Wadatacce

• Misalan ƙa'idodin aminci da tsabta

The ka'idojin aminci da tsabta Su ne kayan aikin yau da kullun don rigakafin lafiya na farko da sakandare a cikin ayyuka daban -daban.

A wurin aiki, babban makasudin ƙa'idodin lafiya da aminci shine hana hatsarin aiki da duk wani hadari ga lafiyar ma'aikacin. Koyaya, a cikin ayyuka kamar gastronomy ko otal, waɗannan ƙa'idodin kuma suna kare mabukaci.

Ka'idodin aminci da tsabta suna da sama da a aikin rigakafi.

Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) ta kafa manyan tarurruka daban -daban wadanda ke tsara aminci da tsafta a matakin kasa da kasa:

• Ladabi na 155 akan lafiya da amincin ma'aikata.
• R164: Shawarwari kan aminci da lafiyar ma’aikatan da ke ba da matakan siyasa da kowace gwamnati ta ƙasa za ta aiwatar.
• Yarjejeniya 161 akan ayyukan kiwon lafiyar ma'aikata: yana nuna buƙatar matakan siyasa don ƙirƙirar ayyukan kiwon lafiya na sana'a.

Manufofin tsafta a masana'antu sun haɗa da:

• Gano waɗancan wakilan (abubuwa, abubuwa da kowane yanki na mahalli) waɗanda ke wakiltar haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikata.
• Kawar da waɗannan wakilan a duk lokacin da zai yiwu.
• A lokutan da ba zai yiwu ba, rage mummunan tasirin waɗannan wakilan.
• Ta wannan hanyar, rage rashin halarta da haɓaka yawan aiki.
• Horar da ma’aikata domin su kasance masu faɗakarwa game da haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsu a cikin yanayin aiki da haɗin gwiwa tare da rage mummunan tasirin.

The matakan Za'a iya ɗaukar wannan cikin yanayin aiki don hana rashin lafiya na iya zama mai sauƙi kamar amfani da kwandishan, ko amfani da kujerun da aka ƙera da ergonomically waɗanda ke kawar da matsayi mara kyau.

Ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a waje suna da ƙa'idodi na musamman waɗanda ke nufin kariyar hasken ultraviolet, sanyi, ruwan sama da zafi.

The amfani da sunadarai masu haɗari (dakunan gwaje -gwaje, shagunan fenti, shagunan kayan masarufi) yana nufin takamaiman ƙa'idodi don ayyuka na musamman.

Misalan ƙa'idodin aminci da tsabta

1. Gastronomy: Masu dafa abinci da masu taimakawa kicin kada su sanya mundaye, zobba, ko wani ƙaramin abu wanda zai iya faɗawa cikin abinci. Hakanan, dole ne su yi amfani da rigar don amfani na musamman a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci (galibi duka biyun) don kada wakilan waje su gurɓata su. Dole ne a rufe gashi da hula ko wasu rigunan kariya.
2. Don shi "Dokokin Janar na 'Yan sanda don Nunin Jama'a da Ayyukan Nishaɗi"Wannan ya bayyana a cikin Dokar Sarauta 2816/1982, na Argentina, ɗayan ƙa'idodin aminci yana ƙayyade cewa gidajen cin abinci, gidajen abinci, mashaya, gidajen sinima, gidajen sinima, wasan kwaikwayo, gidajen caca, dakunan biki, taro ko zauren nune -nunen da sauran makamantan wuraren dole ne su samar da shirin gaggawa. . Wannan ƙa'idar tana nuna matsakaicin adadin mahalarta a kowace murabba'in murabba'in:
   • Tsaye masu kallo: 4 a kowace murabba'in mita
   • Masu amfani a cikin sanduna da gidajen shakatawa: 1 a kowace murabba'in murabba'in yankin jama'a.
   • Masu cin abinci a gidajen abinci: mutum 1 a kowane murabba'in mita 1.5 na yankin jama'a.
3. A Kolombiya, kowane ma'aikaci na ma'aikata goma ko fiye na dindindin dole ne su gabatar da ƙa'idodin tsabta da aminci a rubuce.
4. Dokar 9 na 1979, Colombia: Dokar kiwon lafiya ta sana'a, wacce ke buƙatar kiyayewa, kiyayewa da haɓaka lafiyar daidaikun mutane a cikin ayyukansu.
5. Resolution 02413 na 1979. Kolombiya. Yana nuna hakkoki da wajibai na ma'aikata da ma'aikata a fagen gini. Daga cikin mizaninsa akwai:
   • Yankin matafiya a kowane ma'aikaci ba zai yi kasa da murabba'in mita biyu ba, ba tare da la'akari da yankin da ke dauke da kayan aiki da sauran wurare ba.
   • A kusa da wuraren da ake gudanar da ayyukan kashe gobara (tanderu, murhu, da sauransu), dole ne a yi shimfidar shimfidar wuraren da abin da ba ya ƙonewa a cikin radius na mita ɗaya.
   • Duk wuraren aiki inda akwai magudanar ruwa na jama'a dole ne su sami gidan wanki 1, fitsari 1 da shawa 1 ga kowane ma'aikaci goma sha biyar, ta hanyar jima'i.
6. Resolution 08321 na 1983. Kolombiya. Yana kafa ƙa'idodi don kare jin mutane, lafiya da walwala. Yana kafa jerin ma'anoni:
   • Gurbatacciyar hayaniya: "duk wani sautin da ke haifar da illa ga lafiya ko amincin ɗan adam, dukiya ko jin daɗin hakan."
   • Ci gaba da hayaniya: "wanda matakin matsin lambarsa ya kasance mai ɗorewa ko kusan kusan, tare da sauye -sauye har zuwa daƙiƙa ɗaya, wanda baya gabatar da canje -canje kwatsam yayin fitowar sa."
   • Hayaniyar motsa jiki: wanda kuma ake kira amo mai tasiri. "Wanda bambance -bambancensa cikin matakan matsin lamba ya ƙunshi mafi girman ƙima a tsaka -tsaki fiye da ɗaya a sakan."

Wannan ƙuduri yana kafa matsakaicin halattattun matakan sauti ta hanyar jadawalin (rana ko dare) da yanki (zama, kasuwanci, masana'antu ko shiru).

1. Resolution 132 na 1984. Kolombiya. Yana kafa ƙa'idodi don gabatar da rahotanni a lokutan hatsarori a wurin aiki.
2. Daidaitaccen Sanitary don aikin Gidan Abinci da Sabis -sabis masu alaƙa. Peru. Ya ƙayyade abubuwan da ake buƙata don ba da tabbacin ƙoshin lafiya da aminci (waɗanda ba sa cutarwa) na abinci da abin sha don amfanin ɗan adam a duk matakai kafin cin su a gidajen abinci. Hakanan yana kafa sharuɗɗan da dole ne cibiyoyi da ayyukan waɗannan cibiyoyin su cika. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin akwai:
   • "Dole ƙofofi su kasance masu santsi da mara-daɗi, ban da samun rufewa ta atomatik a cikin wuraren da aka shirya abinci."
   • "Kafa dole ne ya sami ruwan sha daga cibiyar sadarwar jama'a, samun wadataccen dindindin da wadataccen adadin don halartar ayyukan kafuwar."
   • "Dole ne a samar da kwandon shara tare da jigilar sabulun ruwa ko makamancin haka kuma hanyoyin tsabtacewa don bushe hannuwa kamar tawul ɗin da za a iya yarwa ko masu busasshen iska ta atomatik."
3. A asibitociDon guje wa haɗarin da ke tattare da wakilan sinadarai, ana bin ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
   • Kula da rikodin kwanan nan na wakilan sinadarai da aka adana.
   • Organizationungiyar shagon kayayyakin sunadarai la'akari da haɗarin samfuran da rashin jituwarsu.
   • Rarraba abubuwan sunadarai (magunguna, masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu) ta irin halayen su.
   • Keɓewa na musamman na sunadarai masu haɗari: mai guba sosai, carcinogenic, abubuwan fashewa, da dai sauransu.
   • Bincika cewa an haɗa duk abubuwan da kyau kuma an yi musu alama, don gujewa rudani da zubewar da ba a sani ba.
4. Dokokin Tsaro na Ma'adinai. barkono. Yana fayyace ƙa'idodin aminci don haɓaka ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a yankin ƙasa. Sun ƙunshi duka kamfanoni da ma'aikata. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin akwai:
   • Mataki na ashirin da 30. "Duk kayan aiki, injina, kayan aiki, kayan aiki da kayan masarufi dole ne su sami takamaiman fasaha da aikin su cikin Mutanen Espanya"
   • Daga cikin wajibai na ma'aikata: "An haramta haramtawa bayyana a harabar wurin hakar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin rinjayar barasa ko magunguna."
   • Ma'aikatan da aka tsara don tuƙa motocin da injina dole ne su cika wasu takamaiman buƙatu:
     1. Karatu.
     2. Shiga jarrabawar ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa.
     3. Shiga m da msar tambayar jarrabawa na tuki da aiki.
     4. Shiga jarrabawa kan dokokin zirga -zirga.

• Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Ka'idodin Ingantattu