Wadatacce
The numfashi tsari ne da rayayyun halittu ke samun iskar oxygen da fitar da iskar carbon dioxide. Wannan shigarwa da fita ana kiransa musayar gas. Iskar oxygen da ake samu yayin numfashi ana amfani da shi gaba ɗaya, kuma, ban da haka, dukkan gabobi da kyallen takarda suna fitar da carbon dioxide. Gyaran jiki ya dogara da numfashi.
Akwai dabbobin da ke shakar fata. A cikin numfashin fata, musayar gas yana faruwa ta fata. Don wannan ya yiwu, dole ne ya kasance mai kauri sosai, ana shayar da shi a ciki da waje yana danshi. A saboda wannan dalili, dabbobin da ke da wannan ƙarfin suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin damshi ko na ruwa.
The numfashin fata Ya ƙunshi watsawar iskar oxygen ta hanyar haɗin kai, zuwa ga manyan jijiyoyin jini. Game da kawar da iskar gas, ana kawar da iskar gas daga cikin jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Iskar oxygen da jijiyoyin jini ke ɗauke da ita ana ɗauka zuwa dukkan gabobin jiki, inda yake saduwa da sel kuma yana ƙetare membrane na sel.
Wasu dabbobin da ke numfashi ta fata sune annelids, amphibians, da echinoderms:
Annelids
Annelids su ne phylum na dabbobi masu rarrafe masu rarrafe, cylindrical, tare da sifar juna, ba tare da gabobin jiki da taushi da tsawo ba. An raba su zuwa:
- Polychaetes na ruwa: mafi yawan adadin annelids sune polychaetes na ruwa.
- Oligochaetes na ruwa da na ruwa: idan suna cikin ruwa, suna shan iskar oxygen daga cikin ruwa, yayin da idan na ƙasa ne suna tsotse shi daga iska, amma koyaushe suna kasancewa a cikin ƙasa mai danshi.
- Hirudíneos: suna iya zama ruwa, ƙasa, arboreal ko, galibi, ruwan sha.
Amphibians
Amphibians wani aji ne na anamniotic, kasusuwa huɗu (tetrapods). Suna daidaita zafin su daga zafin jiki na yanayi, wato, su ne ectothermic.
Sun bambanta da sauran kasusuwan kasusuwa, suna fuskantar metamorphosis yayin haɓaka su. Yawanci suna haɗar da numfashi na jiki tare da numfashin gill (lokacin da suke tsutsa) ko huhu (lokacin da suka manyanta).
- Kara karantawa: Misalai na amphibians.
Echinoderms
The echinoderms su phylum ne na dabbobin ruwa masu ƙanƙantar da kai. Ana kiran su echinoderms saboda suna da, ko dai a cikin dermoskeleton (tsarin jikin su waje ne), ko kuma a cikin kwarangwal na ciki, jerin faranti (ossicles calcareous) waɗanda ke magana da juna. Suna da alamar radial.
- Kara karantawa: Misalan echinoderms.
Misalan numfashin fata
- Starfish (echinoderm): Akwai tsakanin nau'ikan 1,500 da 2,000 na kifin kifin (asteroids) a duniya. Suna da makamai (tsakanin 5 zuwa 50) waɗanda ke fitowa daga tsakiyar jiki, radially. Ana samun su a cikin dukkan tekuna, a cikin yanayin sanyi da na wurare masu zafi. Suna kama iskar oxygen daga ruwa ta hanyar watsawa.
- Frog: (amphibian) Tare da toads, sashi ne na anuran. Sun bambanta da toads saboda suna da fata mai laushi, sun fi agile kuma suna da ƙarin daidaitaccen jiki. Wannan saboda ƙafafunsu sun fi tsayi kuma suna shirye don yin tsalle da sauri. Kullum suna cikin ko kusa da ruwa. Suna tafiya da tsalle. Anurans suna da numfashi na gill lokacin da suke tadpoles da huhu lokacin da suka zama manya. Duk da haka, suna haɗa wannan numfashi tare da numfashin cutaneous.
- Urchin teku (echinoderm): Akwai kusan nau'ikan 950 na wannan dabba mai launin fata, tare da sifar siffa mai siffa. Faranti masu ƙyalƙyali suna yin kwasfa, inda ake nuna spikes na hannu bi da bi, yana ba su damar motsawa. Suna zaune a kasan teku. Yayinda yawancin kayan ƙanshi ke numfasawa ta hanji, wasu daga cikinsu suna da numfashin fata.
- Tsutsar ciki: (oligochaete annelid): Akwai nau'ikan tsutsotsi tsakanin 4,000 da 6,000. Oxygen yana narkewa a cikin ƙudurin da ke layin fata, sannan ya bazu ta cikin siririn haɗin gwiwa. Kwayoyin jini suna ɗauke da iskar oxygen zuwa sel. Carbon dioxide yana barin sel kuma ana fitar dashi ta cikin jijiyoyin jini.
- Mollusks: Mollusks suna da gills da tsarin numfashi. Koyaya, a wasu mollusks ana canza gills ko kuma babu, tunda musayar gas yana faruwa akan farfajiyar jiki da mayafi.
- Leech: (hirudíneo annelido) Tsutsa ne daga tsayin 0.5 zuwa 46 cm. Yana zaune a cikin kogunan ruwa. Yana ciyar da jinin da yake ci daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da mutum. An yi amfani da su a cikin magunguna a cikin tarihi, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau don cire kumburi da gyara ƙaura. Leeches ba su da tsarin numfashi daban, amma musayar gas yana faruwa ta hanyar cuticle na bakin ciki wanda ya rufe su.
- Toad: (amphibian) Kamar yadda muka fada, yana daga cikin anuran. Sun bambanta da kwaɗi ta wurin yin nauyi da ƙarfi. Ba sa motsawa da tsalle amma ta tafiya (ko da yake akwai keɓewa). Ana samun guba mai guba a fatar jikinsu wanda ke kare su daga masu farauta. Kamar kwaɗi, suna haɗe da numfashi na cutaneous tare da huhu na huhu tare da gill (lokacin da suke tadpoles) da huhu (lokacin da suka manyanta).
Yana iya ba ku:
- Dabbobi masu numfashi na huhu
- Dabbobi da numfashin tracheal
- Dabbobi masu numfashi
