Wadatacce
The rayayyun halittu suna buƙatar iskar oxygen don tallafawa metabolism. A matsayin samfurin sa, suna haifar da wani abu mai guba: carbon dioxide. Ana kiran tsarin da ake samun iskar oxygen da zubar da carbon dioxide numfashi.
Numfashin da aka fi sani da mu shine na huhu: mu da dabbobinmu mafi kusa (karnuka, kuliyoyi, tsuntsaye, dawakai, da dai sauransu) muna numfashi ta hanyar tsarin numfashi da ke tsakiyar huhu. Duk da haka, akwai wasu hanyoyin numfashi.
The tsarin tracheal wani nau'in tsarin numfashi ne da ke tsakiyar tracheae. Ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa na bututu. Waɗannan bututu sun fi ƙanƙanta a diamita yayin da suke shiga cikin kyallen takarda. Iskar gas na iya motsawa ta hanyar wannan hanyar sadarwa ta bututu ko dai ta hanyar tsarin wucewa (watsawa) ko ta hanyar aiki mai aiki (samun iska).
Bambancin tsarin tracheal shine cewa bututu ya kai irin wannan ƙaramin diamita ('yan micrometers) waɗanda suke ba sel tare da iskar oxygen kai tsaye, ba tare da haɗa tsarin jijiyoyin jini ba (kamar yadda yake faruwa a huhun huhu).
Dabbobin da ke da tracheas sune:
- Arthropods: Ita ce phylum mafi yawan dabbobi iri -iri. Sabili da haka, kodayake wasu arthropods na ƙasa suna da numfashin tracheal, ba a cikin su duka. Arthropods ne Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da kwarangwal na waje da haɗe -haɗe.
- Onychophores: Ƙananan dabbobi ne masu gabobin jiki da yawa suna ƙarewa da faratu da siffa mai tsayi. Suna kama da tsutsotsi ko tsutsotsi, amma suna da idanu da / ko eriya. Suna ciyar da kwari da arachnids waɗanda suke tarko godiya ga wani abu da suka ɓoye, wanda yake manne.
Misalan numfashin tracheal
Arachnids (arthropods): Baya ga gizo -gizo, squigs, mites, da kunama suma arachnids ne. Suna iya samun ɗaya daga cikin gabobin masu zuwa, ko duka biyun a lokaci guda:
- Filotracheas: Ana kuma kiran waɗannan gabobin "huhun littafin." Su ramuka ne a bangon ciki (intussusception). A gefe ɗaya na bango akwai lamellae: ninki a bango waɗanda ke haɗe da sanduna. Jini yana cikin waɗannan lamellae kuma musayar gas yana faruwa a can. Godiya ga ƙanƙancewar tsokar bangon dorsal na ɗakin iska, ana iya samun ɗakin. Arachnids waɗanda ke da huhun littafi kawai sune mesothelae (tsoffin arachnids), kunama, uropygians, amblipigians, da schizomids.
- Tracheae: Suna kama da na kwari, wato, cibiyar sadarwa ce ta bututu masu rassa. Lokacin da tracheas suke, tsarin jijiyoyin jini yana raguwa. Wannan saboda tracheas yana ba da izinin rarraba oxygen kai tsaye zuwa sel kuma baya buƙatar sa hannun tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Arachnids da ke numfashi ta cikin tracheas sune ricinulids, pseudocorpoiones, solífuos, opiliones da mites. Araneomorphs (gizo -gizo tare da chelicerae diagonal) galibi suna da tsarin duka biyu.
Myriapods (arthropods): Su ne centipedes, millipedes, pauropods da symphyla. Akwai nau'ikan myriapods sama da 16,000. Tsarin tracheal yana da tsari mai kama da na kwari.
Ƙwari (arthropods): Tsarin tracheal na kwari ya ƙunshi:
- Stigmas (wanda kuma ake kira spiracles): Suna zagaye ramuka waɗanda ke haɗa trachea zuwa waje. Wasu suna da rami (ɗaki ko atrium) wanda ke rage asarar ruwa kuma yana hana shigowar abubuwan da ba a so (ƙura ko parasites) godiya ga gashi ko ƙaya.
- Tracheas: Waɗannan su ne bututun da iskar gas ke zagayawa. Suna da zoben karkace da ake kira tenidiums wanda ke hana su ruɓewa.
- Trachealas: Waɗannan sune raunin tracheae, wato, sun fi na bakin ciki kuma suna ɗaukar iskar gas zuwa kyallen takarda. Suna shigowa kai tsaye da sel.
Onychophores: Ana kuma kiran su tsutsotsi masu kaushi. Suna zaune a wurare masu zafi kuma sun fi son yanayin ƙasa mai danshi. Spiracles a cikin tsarin tracheal ɗinku suna da madaidaicin diamita. Kowace na’urar tracheal ƙanana ce kuma tana ba da iskar oxygen zuwa ga kyallen da ke kusa.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Dabbobi masu numfashi na huhu
- Dabbobi masu numfashi da fata
- Dabbobi masu numfashi
