Wadatacce
Thehydroxides sakamako daga haɗuwar a karfe oxide (wanda kuma ake kira oxides na asali) da ruwa. Ta wannan hanyar, abubuwa uku sun ba da abun da ke cikin hydroxides: oxygen, hydrogen da ƙarfe da ake magana akai. A hade, karfe koyaushe yana aiki azaman cation kuma rukunin rukunin hydroxide yana aiki azaman anion.
Hydroxides gaba ɗaya suna raba halaye da yawa, kamar samun ɗanɗano mai ɗaci kamar sabulu, zama mai santsi don taɓawa, kasancewa mai lalata, samun wasu kayan wanki da sabulun wanka, narkar da mai da sulfur, da amsawa tare da acid don samar da gishiri.
A daya bangaren kuma, wasu halaye sun kebanci kowane irin sinadarin hydroxide, kamar sodium, wanda cikin sauri yake shakar iskar carbon dioxide da ruwa; na alli wanda ake samu a cikin halayen alli oxide da ruwa; ko baƙin ƙarfe (II) wanda a zahiri ba ya narkewa cikin ruwa.
Me ake amfani da su?
Aikace -aikacen hydroxides kuma sun bambanta tsakanin lokuta daban -daban:
- The sodium hydroxide, alal misali, an haɗa shi da masana'antar sabulun sabulu da kyawu da kayayyakin kula da jiki.
- The alli hydroxideA nata ɓangaren, yana da rawar matsakaiciya a wasu matakai kamar samun sinadarin sodium.
- The lithium hydroxide Ana amfani da shi wajen kera yumbu, yayin da ake amfani da magnesium azaman maganin kashe ƙwari ko laxative.
- The iron hydroxide Ana amfani da su wajen aiwatar da takin shuke -shuke.
Sunaye
Dangane da yawancin haɗarin sunadarai, akwai nomenclatures daban -daban don hydroxides:
- The nomenclature na gargajiya, alal misali, shine wanda ya fara da kalmar hydroxide yana bin kashi amma la'akari da ƙimar da yake aiki da ita: lokacin da yake da ƙima ɗaya za a yi amfani da ƙarshen 'ico', lokacin da suke tare da biyu zai zama wanda ke da mafi girman fa'idar ƙarewa 'bear' da wanda ke da ƙaramin ƙarewa tare da 'ico', kuma lokacin da yake aiki tare da uku ko huɗu, farkon 'hiccup' ko 'per' shima za a ƙara kamar yadda lamarin zai iya zama.
- The Nomenclature na hannun jari shine wanda ke amfani da kalmar hydroxide, amma maimakon ya cika tare da kalma ɗaya, yana amfani da preposition 'na' sannan kuma ƙarfe, yana sanya farfaɗo a cikin rakodin.
- The tsarin nomenclature shi ne wanda ya yi prefixes na adadi prefixes zuwa kalmar hydroxide.
Misalai na hydroxides
- Gubar (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, gubar dihydroxide.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, platinum quadhydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, baƙin ƙarfe dihydroxide.
- Gubar (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, gubar tetrahydroxide.
- Azurfa hydroxide, AgOH, hydroxide na azurfa.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, baƙin ƙarfe trihydroxide.
- Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, jan karfe dihydroxide.
- Aluminum hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aluminum trihydroxide.
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, mercury dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, jan ƙarfe hydroxide.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
Wasu lokuta, hydroxides suna da sunaye gama gari waɗanda aka ba su ta hanyar amfani da su na yau da kullun, kamar sodium hydroxide wanda kuma ake kira caustic soda, potassium hydroxide wanda ake kira caustic potash, calcium hydroxide wanda ake kira ruwan lemun tsami ko lemun tsami, kuma ana kiran magnesium da madara magnesia.
- Bi da: Misalan hydroxides (bayanin)
