Misalan Biomolecules - Encyclopedia

Wadatacce

Aiki
Nau'in biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

The biomolecules Su ne kwayoyin da ke cikin dukkan halittu masu rai. Ana iya cewa biomolecules ne suka kunshi duka rayayyun halittu komai girmanta.

Kowane kwayoyin (wanda ya ƙunshi biomolecule) ya ƙunshi zarra. Ana kiran waɗannan bioelements. Kowane bioelement za'a iya haɗa shi carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sinadarin nitrogen, sulfur kuma wasa. Kowane biomolecule zai ƙunshi wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu.

Aiki

Babban aikin biomolecules shine "zama ɓangaren yanki" na duk rayayyun halittu. A gefe guda waɗannan dole ne su zama tsarin tantanin halitta. Hakanan yana iya zama cewa biomolecules dole ne su aiwatar da wasu ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga sel.

Nau'in biomolecules

Za'a iya rarrabe ƙwayoyin halittu masu rai a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar jikin mutum kamar Ruwa, da Ma'adinai salts da kuma iskar gas, yayin da ake raba rayayyun kwayoyin halitta gwargwadon haɗarsu na ƙwayoyin da takamaiman ayyuka.

Akwai nau'ikan 4 kwayoyin halitta:

Carbohydrates. Kwayar tana buƙatar carbohydrates tunda suna samar da babban tushen makamashi. Waɗannan sun ƙunshi 3 bioelements: Carbon, Hydrogen kuma Oxygen. Dangane da haɗuwa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin, carbohydrates na iya zama:

Monosaccharides. Suna da guda ɗaya na kowanne. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai 'ya'yan itatuwa. Glucose shima monosaccharide ne kuma yana cikin jinin rayayyun halittu.
Disaccharides. Hadin carbohydrates biyu na monosaccharide zai samar da disaccharide. Misalin wannan shine sucrose da ake samu a cikin sukari da lactose.
Polysaccharides. Lokacin da aka haɗa monosaccharides uku ko fiye zasu haifar da biomolecule polysaccharide na carbohydrate. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sune sitaci (wanda ake samu a cikin dankali) da glycogen (wanda ake samu a jikin rayayyun halittu, galibi a cikin tsokoki da cikin hanta).

Duba kuma: Misalan Monosaccharides, Disaccharides da Polysaccharides

Lipids. Suna samar da membranes na sel kuma suna ikon ajiyewa ga jiki. Wani lokaci waɗannan na iya zama bitamin ko hormones. Sun ƙunshi mai mai mai yawa da barasa. Su kuma suna da sarƙoƙi masu yawa na atom carbon kuma hydrogen. Ana iya narkar da su kawai a cikin abubuwa kamar barasa ko ether. Saboda haka, ba zai yiwu a narkar da waɗannan cikin ruwa ba. Za a iya raba su gwargwadon aikin su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 4:

Lipids tare da aikin makamashi. Suna cikin kitse. Yana da sifar adipose da yawancin halittu masu rai ke da su ƙarƙashin fata. Wannan lipid yana haifar da rufin rufi da kariya daga sanyi. Hakanan yana cikin ganyen tsirrai, yana hana su bushewa cikin sauƙi.
Lipids tare da aikin tsari. Su phospholipids ne (suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin phosphorous) kuma suna yin membrane na sel.
Lipids tare da aikin hormonal. Ana kuma kiran waɗannan "steroids”. Misali: hormones jinsin mutum.
Lipids tare da aikin bitamin. Waɗannan lipids suna ba da abubuwa don ingantaccen haɓaka rayayyun halittu. Wasu daga cikinsu sune bitamin A, D, da K.

Duba kuma: Misalan Lipids

Protein. Su kwayoyin halitta ne da ke cika ayyuka daban -daban a cikin jiki. Sun hada da kwayoyin carbon, oxygen, hydrogen kuma sinadarin nitrogen.

Wadannan sunadarai sun mallaka amino acid. Akwai nau'ikan amino acid 20 daban -daban. Haɗuwa da waɗannan amino acid zai haifar da sunadarai daban -daban. Koyaya (kuma an ba da yawa na haɗuwa) ana iya rarrabasu cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi 5:

Tsarin sunadarai. Sashin jikin dukkan halittu ne masu rai. Misali na wannan rukunin sunadarai shine keratin.
Hormonal sunadarai. Suna tsara wasu ayyuka na kwayoyin halitta. Misali na wannan rukunin shine insulin, wanda ke da aikin sarrafa shigar glucose cikin sel.
Sunadaran tsaro. Suna aiki a matsayin kariya ga jiki. Wato, suna da alhakin kai hari da kare jiki daga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Waɗannan suna da sunan garkuwar jiki. Misali: farin jini.
Sunadaran sufuri. Kamar yadda sunansu ya nuna, suna da alhakin jigilar abubuwa ko kwayoyin halitta ta cikin jini. Misali: haemoglobin.
Sunadaran aikin enzymatic. Suna hanzarta haɓakar abubuwan gina jiki ta sassa daban -daban na jiki. Misalin wannan shine amylase wanda ke rushe glucose don ba da damar haɓaka mafi kyau ta jiki.

Duba kuma: Misalan Protein

Nucleic acid. Su acid ne wanda dole ne, a matsayin babban aikin su, su sarrafa ayyukan tantanin halitta. Amma babban aikin shine isar da kwayoyin halittar daga tsara zuwa tsara. Wadannan acid din sun hada da kwayoyin carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sinadarin nitrogen kuma wasa. An raba waɗannan zuwa raka'a waɗanda ake kira nucleotides.

Akwai iri biyu na nucleic acid: