Abubuwa masu guba

Wadatacce

• Rarraba
• Nau'in barna da suke samarwa
• Bayyanawa a cikin jiki
• Misalan abubuwa masu guba ga jikin mutum

The abubuwa masu guba Waɗannan samfuran sunadarai ne waɗanda a cikin wasu hanyoyin su (kera, amfani, rarrabawa ko zubar da su) suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam (cuta ko ma mutuwa).

Kodayake guba yana faruwa lokacin da kowane matakan ke cutar da lafiya, galibi ana alakanta shi amfani: Yawancin abubuwa masu guba sunadarai ne na roba, waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa lokacin cinye su da baki.

Rarraba

The ilimin guba shine ƙwarewar da aka keɓe don irin wannan kayan. Tasirin abubuwa ko yanayi na waje akan rayayyun halittu, tsarin halittu, gabobi, kyallen takarda da sel, shine fannin nazarin wannan horo.

Yawanci yana rarrabe abubuwa masu guba zuwa rukuni uku:

• Abubuwan sunadarai Organic da inorganic da ke haifar da lahani ga jiki: sinadarai kamar gubar suna bayyana a cikin abubuwan da ba su da kyau, yayin da a cikin kwayoyin halitta akwai abubuwa kamar methanol, da guba da yawa na asalin dabbobi.
• Rashin ilmin halitta, Ana samar da shi da guba wanda ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa, waɗanda ke haifar da haɓaka ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta. Ba kamar wanda ya gabata ba, irin wannan guba ya dogara da ikon mai gida don kare kansa, tunda yana yiwuwa abubuwa guda biyu iri ɗaya suna aiki daban a masu karɓa daban.
• Yawan guba na jikiYana cikin abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda galibi ba a ɗaukar su azaman masu guba, amma duk da haka suna shafar jiki kamar X-ray da gamma rays, ko radiation daga barbashi daban-daban.

Duba kuma: Misalan Vata Mai Hadari

Nau'in barna da suke samarwa

Lokacin da guba ya shiga jiki, suna iya samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan gyare -gyare na tsari ko raunin da ya faru (daga sel da ke lalacewa) ko aiki (kamar canjin DNA ko hana aikin enzymatic). Sakamakon da suke da shi a jiki yana raba guba cikin sabon rarrabuwa:

1. Magungunan rashin lafiyan: Guba yana shiga tsarin sunadarai.
2. Magunguna masu guba: Suna shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.
3. Cusa guba: Suna hana isowar iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda.
4. Carcinogenic gubobi: Suna shafar tsarin RNA da DNA.
5. Mai guba mai guba: Suna lalata kyallen takarda wanda suke aiki akai.

Bayyanawa a cikin jiki

Lokacin da jikin dan adam ya mamaye abubuwan da ke cutar da lafiyar sa, ana cewa jikin yana maye. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, jiki galibi yana kai hari ga abu, yana sarrafawa don sarrafa shi, yana rage shi cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana fitar da shi: duk da haka, wani lokacin wannan tsarin yana kasawa saboda kariyar halitta tayi ƙasa, ko kuma saboda akwai babban taro na abu mai mamayewa. .

Bayyanar pimples da amya, zazzabi mai tsanani, wahalar numfashi, gudawa mai tsanani, yawan amai, da sauran alamomi Su ne waɗanda jiki ke amfani da su don nuna maye, kuma dole ne likitocin su bi da su yadda ya dace.

Misalan abubuwa masu guba ga jikin mutum

1. Acetone
2. Methanol
3. Mycobacterium tarin fuka
4. Kwayar cutar zazzabin Rift Valley
5. Arsenic
6. Hydrogen sulfide
7. Chlorobenzene
8. Cadmium
9. Cutar kwayar cutar Equine encephalitis ta Venezuelan
10. Shigelladysenteriae nau'in 1
11. Chlordane
12. Sulfur anhydride
13. Aniline
14. Styrene
15. Kwayar cutar West Nile
16. Kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro
17. Rasha encephalitis cutar bazara-bazara
18. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2900
19. Vinyl chloride
20. Man Fetur
21. Asbestos
22. Magunguna
23. Magunguna masu guba (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates)
24. Sabiya virus
25. Jagora
26. Mercury
27. Americium
28. Cyanide
29. Vinyl acetate
30. Chlorfenvinphos
31. Trichlorethylene
32. Isocyanates
33. Cutar Polio
34. Ammoniya
35. Chloroethane
36. Toluene
37. Kwayoyin cuta
38. Aluminum
39. Chlorophenols
40. Kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro na Omsk
41. Yersinia pestis
42. Carbon monoxide
43. Zinc
44. Tetradoxin
45. Acrylonitrile
46. Cutar kwayar cutar encephalitis
47. Barium chloride
48. Acrolein
49. Tar
50. Cutar Variola