Misalai 50 na Ƙwayoyin Halittu - Encyclopedia

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Ire -iren kwayoyin halittar da ba a gani
Misalan kwayoyin halittu marasa gani

The kwayoyin microscopic (kuma ana kiranta microorganisms) su ne mafi ƙanƙantar rayayyun halittu waɗanda ke zaune a cikin duniyar, waɗanda kawai za a iya gani ta hanyar microscope. Sune kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa daban -daban wanda ƙungiyar nazarin halittu, sabanin dabbobi da tsirrai, na asali ne kuma a yawancin lokuta yana da sel ɗaya kawai.

Daga cikin halayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana yiwuwar aiwatarwa m metabolism halayen (jigilar sauri da sauri ta hanyar membranes da watsawa a cikin sel), da kuma sake haifuwa cikin hanzari, a wasu lokuta ana rarraba kowane minti ashirin.

Bugu da ƙari, daidai saboda wannan saurin haɓakar, suna canza yanayin da ke kewaye da su ta hanyar kwatsam da saurin canji ta kawar da sharar gida daga metabolism na salula.

Duniyar da ke kewaye da mu ta ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma waɗannan An gano su ne kawai lokacin da suka fara aiki tare da gilashin ƙara girma ko microscopes a fannoni daban -daban na aikin kimiyya..

Wasu daga cikinsu sun hadu a aikin symbiotic tare da maharan da ke karbar bakuncin su (kamar kwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji) yayin da wasu, a akasin haka, suna da illa ga lafiya (kamar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da martani a cikin garkuwar jiki).

Ire -iren kwayoyin halittar da ba a gani

Ƙwayoyin da ke iya ratsawa da ninkawa a cikin wasu rayayyun halittu waɗanda suke cutarwa ana kiransu ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Sun kasu kashi uku:

Kwayoyin cuta. Suna daya daga cikin rayayyun rayayyun rayuwa a doron kasa, amma ana iya ganin su ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa. Matsayin aikinsa yana da takamaiman, a wasu lokuta yana aiwatar da ƙasƙantar da kwayoyin halitta kuma a wasu yana haɗa metabolism tare da na ɗan adam. Wani lokaci suna haifar da cututtuka iri -iri.
Parasitic protozoa: Unicellular kwayoyin halin da hadaddun metabolism. Suna cin abinci mai ƙarfi, algae, da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cikin ƙwayoyin halittu masu yawa kamar dabbobi da mutane. Sau da yawa wannan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tsayayya da gurɓataccen sinadarin chlorine, kuma hanyar kawar da su shine tare da tacewa da aikace -aikacen sodium hypochlorite.
Ƙwayar cuta: Tsarin nazarin halittu na Ultramicroscopic (har ma da ƙarami) wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka, kuma kawai ya sake haifuwa a cikin sel masu masauki. An sifanta su da samun murfin kariya, kuma suna iya samun karkace ko sifar siffa. Sun ƙunshi nau'in nucleic acid ɗaya kawai, kuma ba za su iya haifuwa da kan su ba amma suna buƙatar metabolism na sel mai masauki. Ba kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ba, duk ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ne sabili da haka suna cutar da lafiya: ba za a iya kawar da su da maganin rigakafi ba.

The tsarin rigakafi ita ce garkuwar jiki ta jiki daga kamuwa da cuta. Ta hanyar matakai da yawa, wannan tsarin yana yaƙi da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu mamayewa kafin su haifar da lahani, da yawa daga cikin su ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne. Duka tsofaffi da ƙanana sun fi sauƙin kai wa waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta hari, tunda tsarin garkuwar jiki ya yi rauni.