Wadatacce
ATsarin aiki (OS) shiri ne ko tsarin shirye -shirye na tsarin kwamfuta, wanda ke sarrafa albarkatun jiki (hardware), ƙa'idojin aiwatar da sauran abubuwan (software), kazalika da ƙirar mai amfani.
Tsarin aiki (wani lokacin ana kiranta tsakiya ko kwaya) ana kashe su ta hanyar gata idan aka kwatanta da sauran software, sune ginshikin aikin ƙungiyar, ƙa'idar aiki ta asali wacce ke ba da damar kunna nau'ikan aikace -aikace ta mai amfani.
Ana samun waɗannan tsarin a yawancin na'urorin lantarki da muke amfani da su kowace rana, ko ta hanyar musaya masu amfani da hoto, yanayin tebur, manajojin taga ko layin umarni, dangane da yanayin kayan aiki.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Hardware
- Misalan Software
- Misalan Na'urorin Shigarwa
- Misalan Na'urorin Fitarwa
- Misalan Peripherals (da aikin su)
Nau'in Tsarukan Aiki
Ana iya rarrabe Tsarin Aiki bisa ga ƙa'idodi daban -daban:
- Dangane da ma'aunin gudanar da aikin ku. Akwai Tsarin Aiki guda ɗaya, wanda ke ba da damar aiwatar da shirin guda ɗaya a lokaci guda (ban da tsarin OS ɗin da kansa), har zuwa ƙarewa ko katsewa; da waɗancan masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ke sarrafa albarkatun CPU don ba da izinin wani ma'anar lokaci ɗaya.
- Dangane da ma'aunin gudanarwar mai amfani. Hakanan, akwai OS mai amfani guda ɗaya, wanda ke iyakance kisa ga shirye-shiryen mai amfani ɗaya, da masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ke ba da izinin aiwatar da shirye-shirye na masu amfani daban-daban.
- Dangane da sarrafa albarkatun ku. Akwai OSs na tsakiya, waɗanda ke iyakance yankin tasirin su zuwa kwamfuta ɗaya ko tsarin; da wasu da aka rarraba, waɗanda ke ba da damar kula da ƙungiyoyi da yawa a lokaci guda.
Misalan Tsarin Aiki
MS Windows. Ba tare da wata shakka ba mashahurin OS, kodayake da gaske saiti ne na rabawa (yanayin aiki) wanda aka gina don samar da tsoffin Tsarin Tsarukan aiki (kamar MS-DOS) tare da tallafin hoto mai goyan baya da saitin kayan aikin software. Its farko version ya bayyana a shekarar 1985 Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin bai daina sabunta kanta a cikin sifofi masu ƙarfi da iri -iri ba, kamar yadda Microsoft, mahaifiyar kamfaninta, ke mamaye kasuwannin fasahar dijital.
GNU / Linux. Wannan kalmar tana nufin haɗaɗɗen amfani da kwaya kyauta daga dangin Unix da ake kira "Linux", tare da rarraba GNU, suma kyauta. Sakamakon yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutuka wajen haɓaka software na kyauta, wanda za'a iya amfani da lambar tushe, kyauta da sake rabawa.
UNIX. Wannan šaukuwa, ayyuka da yawa, tsarin aiki mai amfani da yawa an haɓaka shi a farkon 1969, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata haƙƙin sa haƙƙin mallaka sun wuce daga wannan kamfani zuwa wani. A zahirin gaskiya dangi ne irin na OS, da yawa daga cikinsu sun zama kasuwanci wasu kuma tsarin kyauta ne, duk daga kernel na Linux.
Fedora. Yana da mahimmanci rarraba Linux gabaɗaya, wanda ya fito bayan katsewa Linux na Red Hat, wanda ke da alaƙa da shi amma wanda ya fito a matsayin aikin al'umma. Yana da wani sunan da ba makawa yayin magana software kyauta da kuma tushen buɗewa, a cikin manyan sifofinta guda uku: Workstation, Cloud and Server.
Ubuntu. Dangane da GNU / Linux, wannan Tsarin aiki na kyauta kuma mai buɗewa yana ɗaukar sunansa daga falsafar Afirka ta Kudu da aka mai da hankali kan amincin mutum ga sauran nau'in. A wannan ma'anar, Ubuntu yana mai da hankali ga sauƙi da 'yancin amfani, kodayake Canonical, kamfanin Burtaniya wanda ke da haƙƙinsa, yana rayuwa ne bisa sabis na fasaha da ke da alaƙa da shirin.
MacOS. Tsarin aiki na Machintosh, wanda aka fi sani da OSX ko Mac OS X, wanda muhallinsa ya dogara da Unix kuma an haɓaka shi kuma an sayar da shi azaman ɓangaren kwamfutocin Apple tun 2002. Wani ɓangare na wannan dangin software ɗin Apple ya sake shi azaman mai buɗewa da tushen tsarin aiki kyauta wanda ake kira Darwin, wanda daga baya suka ƙara abubuwa kamar Aqua da Mai nemo, don samun masarrafar da Mac OS X, sigar sa ta kwanan baya ta dogara.
Solaris. Wani Tsarin Aiki mai kama da Unix, wanda Sun Microsystems suka kirkira a 1992 kuma ana amfani dashi yau don tsarin gine-ginen tsarin SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) da x86, na kowa akan sabobin da wuraren aiki. Sigar sigar Unix ce ta hukuma wacce aka kira sigar ta OpenSolaris.
Haiku. Buɗe tsarin aiki mai buɗe ido ya mai da hankali kan fannonin keɓaɓɓiyar kwamfuta da watsa labarai, wanda BeOS (Be Operating System) ya yi wahayi, wanda ya dace da shi. Babban fifikonsa ya ta'allaka ne akan yiwuwar samar da rabon kowane mai amfani. A halin yanzu ana kan cigaba.
BeOS. An haɓaka shi a cikin 1990 ta Be Incorporated, Tsarin Kwamfuta ne na PC da nufin haɓaka aikin watsa labarai da yawa. An faɗi cewa ya dogara ne akan Unix, saboda haɗawar ƙirar umarnin Bash, amma ba haka bane: BeOs yana da micro-core na asali, wanda aka inganta sosai don sarrafa sauti, bidiyo da zane mai rai. Hakanan, sabanin Unix, mai amfani ɗaya ne.
MS-DOS. Acronyms don MicroSoft Disk Operating System (MicroSoft Disk Operating System), yana ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran Tsarin Aiki don kwamfutoci na IBM a cikin 1980s zuwa tsakiyar 1990. Yana aiki bisa ga jerin umarni na ciki da na waje, a cikin ƙirar monochrome na layika. layi.
Shirya 9 daga Bell Labs. Ko kuma kawai "Shirin 9", yana ɗaukar sunansa daga sanannen jerin fina-finan Sci-fi B Shirin 9 daga sararin samaniya da Ed Wood. An haɓaka shi don cin nasarar Unix a matsayin Tsarin Aiki mai rarrabuwa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin bincike, kuma sananne ne don wakiltar duk musayarsa azaman tsarin fayil.
HP-UX. Sigar Unix ce da shahararren kamfanin fasaha Hewlett Packard ya haɓaka tun 1983, yana amfani da sanannen kwanciyar hankali, sassauci, iko da kewayon aikace -aikacen sa, gama gari ga yawancin nau'ikan kasuwancin Unix. Tsarin ne wanda ya jaddada tsaro da kariyar bayanai, wataƙila saboda yawan aikace -aikacen masana'antu.
Wave OS. Tsarin aiki na kyauta da buɗewa don kwamfutocin tebur, aikin gaba ɗaya ne mai zaman kansa na kamfanonin software, wanda ke fatan zama OS mai haske, mai sauƙi da sauri wanda aikace -aikacensa da halayensa ba sa fahimta ta masu amfani da ƙwararrun masana. Ba tare da daura da tsoffin fasahar ba, ya dace da GNU / Linux kuma a halin yanzu yana kan ci gaba.
Chrome OS. A halin yanzu a cikin matakin aikin, ana tsammanin Tsarin Tsarin kamfanin Google, dangane da yanar gizo da kan tushen Linux kernel, da farko an daidaita shi zuwa ƙaramin littafin rubutu tare da masu sarrafa fasahar ARM ko x86. An sanar da wannan aikin a cikin 2009, bayan mai binciken Google Chrome da aikin ku na budewa Chromium OS za su nuna kyakkyawan sakamakon kasuwa.
Sabbin Linux. An karɓi sunansa daga na Italiyanci mai daɗi, "zabaione”, Wannan rarraba Linux ya dogara ne akan Gentoo Linux, tsohuwar sigar da aka yi niyya don ƙarin gogaggen masu amfani. Akwai shi don mahalli daban -daban na tebur, tushen buɗewa ne kuma kyauta, yana nufin ci gaba da sarrafa albarkatun tsarin ta mai amfani.
Tuquito. Asali daga Argentina, wannan rarraba GNU / Linux yana amfani da fasahar LiveCD, duk da aikace -aikacen sa na Gigabytes na 2 tare da fakitoci daban -daban da aka yi amfani da su a fannoni daban -daban. Ya dogara ne akan Ubuntu da Debian GNU / Linux, amma tare da launi mai ƙarfi na gida wanda ya fara da sunan sa, wanda ke nufin kashe gobara.
Android. Dangane da kernel na Linux, wannan OS don na'urorin hannu ta taɓa fuska (Wayoyin hannu, Allunan, da sauransu) Android Inc. ne ya haɓaka shi kuma daga baya Google ya saya. Ya shahara sosai a yau cewa tallace -tallace na tsarin Android sun wuce IOS (Macintosh) da Windows Phone tare.
Debian. Tare da kayan aikin Linux da kayan aikin GNU, an gina wannan OS ɗin kyauta tun 1993 daga haɗin gwiwar dubban masu amfani daga ko'ina cikin duniya, waɗanda aka taru ƙarƙashin tutar "Debian Project", nesa da kowane nau'in kasuwanci. Software da aiki da kansa. .
Canaima GNU / Linux. An gabatar da sigar GNU / Linux ta Venezuelan, bin amfani da software don dalilai na ilimi da zamantakewa, kyauta da buɗewa, a cikin 2007 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ilimi na gida.
BlackBerry OS. Rufe tushen OS wanda aka sanya akan wayoyin hannu na BlackBerry, yana ba da damar ayyuka da yawa (multitasking) kuma yana tallafawa hanyoyin shigar da abubuwa daban -daban, don samfuran wayar tarho daban -daban na kamfanin. Ƙarfinta shine azaman imel na ainihi da mai sarrafa kalanda.
Suna iya yi maka hidima
- Misalan Hardware
- Misalan Software
- Misalan Na'urorin Shigarwa
- Misalan Na'urorin Fitarwa
- Misalan Peripherals (da aikin su)
