A cikin rarrabuwa akan asalin duwatsu, Ana gane duwatsu masu ƙyalli a matsayin waɗanda aka samo su daga sanyayawa da ƙarfafawar ƙaƙƙarfan duwatsu, wato magma: Haihuwar kalmar tana da alaƙa da 'ignis ' wanda ke cikin harshen harshen Latin.
Kamar yadda aka sani, ana samun magma duka a cikin zurfin yadudduka na ciki na ƙasa da kuma cikin ɓarna, tare da babban sa hannu a cikin tsaunukan wuta masu aiki da fashewar su. Wannan rarrabuwa shine abin da ke motsa rarrabuwa tsakanin duwatsu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda zai nuna nasu yanayin dangane da horo.
Tsarin canza magma zuwa dutse tsari ne na asarar zafin jiki, amma kuma yana ƙunshe da samuwar lu'ulu'u da yawa waɗanda suka zama dutse. Lallai, lava ta lalace kuma lu'ulu'u ne ke ba da halaye daban -daban da kowane dutse zai samu. Bambanci tsakanin kutse (wanda kuma ake kira plutonic) da duwatsun (ko volcanic) duwatsun ana bayyana su anan, tunda tsohon yana ɗaukar tsarin sanyaya fiye da na ƙarshe, saboda tsananin yanayin zafi wanda basa barin sa. The m-grained ma'adanai, gabaɗaya, sune samfur na ruɓewar magma cikin sauri da hanzari.
The feldspar ma'adanai sune mafi yawa daga cikin dukkan duwatsu masu ƙonewa, suna barin ma'adini a matsayi na biyu. Wani rabe -raben da ke cikin wannan rukunin duwatsun ya fito ne daga abun cikin siliki wanda kowannen su ke da shi, wanda ya fito daga na asali tare da ƙarancin abun cikin silicon (ƙasa da 45%) zuwa na acidic (tare da fiye da 63% silicon).
Jerin mai zuwa ya haɗa da misalan duwatsu masu ƙanƙara, tare da hoto da taƙaitaccen bayanin kowanne.
- Dutse. Ana amfani dashi wajen gina hanyoyi.
- Granodiorite: plutonic ne, kuma yana da ƙarancin abun ciki na feldspar fiye da dutse. A cikin aikin injiniya ana ɗaukarsa dutse.
- Ginin dutse: kuma mai shiga tsakani, mai kama da tsari zuwa dutse amma tare da ƙarancin abun ma'adini. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin gini, kamar yadda diorite grinds suna da adhesion mai kyau ga kwalta.
- Bahaushe: Mai kama da diorite a cikin tsari kuma mai kama da dutse a cikin rubutu, yana da launin toka mai launin toka ko ɗigon baƙi.
- Gabbro: Mai duhu a launi, shi ma yana kutse kuma kusan ba shi da ma'adini. Ya ƙunshi ma'adanai da yawa, kamar hornblende da apatite.
- Peridotite. Mai duhu sosai, yana gabatar da feldspars.
- Rhyolite: Extrusive, wanda magma ya wadata da silica wanda ya sa ya zama mai ɗimuwa. Lu'ulu'u sun ƙunshi feldspars, ma'adini, da kuma mica. Greyish zuwa ja launi.
- Dacite: Shi ma dutsen mai aman wuta ne. Babban abun ciki na silica da baƙin ƙarfe, tare da tsaka -tsakin abun da ke tsakanin andesite da rhyolite.
- Andesite: Dutsen da ya fito, wanda ya ƙunshi biotite, ma'adini, magnetite da sphene. Yana da rubutun microlithic kuma galibi ya ƙunshi ma'adanai kamar hornblende.
- Basalt: Babban abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ya ƙunshi galibi na olivine, kuma a cikin ƙananan adadin feldspar da ma'adini. Shi ne dutsen da ya fi girma a cikin ɓawon ƙasa.
- Obsidian: Dutsen tsawa. Samfurin Silicon dioxide wanda ake samarwa lokacin da magma ke hulɗa da ruwa. Launi tsakanin baki da kore.
- Komatite: Hakanan maɗaukaki, baƙon abu kamar yadda aka ƙera shi da magma mai zafi sosai. Komatite ya bayyana kama da ruwa, kuma ƙasa ba ta da yanayin da ya dace don wannan dutsen ya yi.
- Pumice.
- Sharar ɗan adam: Dutsen tsakuwa, ja mai duhu zuwa baki. An ƙera shi ta lava mai wadataccen iskar gas, amma ba shi da amfani da yawa.
- Porphyries: Mai kama da dutse, don haka ana amfani da shi a irin wannan amfani. An kirkiri tarin ƙananan lu'ulu'u ne musamman ta ma'adanai na ferromagnesian.
- Trachyte: Yana da ƙarfi, kuma an kafa shi daga magmas matsakaici, galibi ta feldspars da ma'adanai na ferromagnesian.
- Pegmatite.
- Gap. Yana da rubutun da ake kira pyroclastic.
- Anorthosite: Dutsen Plutonic na ainihin hali, shima yana kan saman duniyar wata.
- Monzonite.
