Abubuwan Karfe da Ba-ƙarfe

Wadatacce

• Kayayyakin kayan ƙarfe
• Nau'in kayan ƙarfe
• Misalan kayan ƙarfe
• Misalan kayan da ba ƙarfe ba

Lokacin da kuke magana kayan ƙarfekuma ba ferrous (ko ferric), yana nufin kayan ƙarfe na musamman, gwargwadon kasancewar ko babu baƙin ƙarfe a matsayin ɗayan abubuwan haɗinsa.

Fãce m ƙarfe (a cikin daban -daban maki), mafi yawan ƙarfe ƙarfe samfuran ƙarfe ne ko cakuda baƙin ƙarfe da sauran kayan, kamar carbon. Yayin da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe na iya zama ko dai na asali (ya ƙunshi guda ɗaya atomic element) ko wasu abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfe.

Kayayyakin kayan ƙarfe

Kayan ƙarfe, na huɗu mafi yawan nau'in ƙarfe a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, an bambanta su da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba a haɗarsu juriya, malleability, babban madugu na zafi da wutar lantarki, da kuma yiwuwar sake amfani da su daga tushen su da sabon ƙirƙira, amma sama da duka don babban martanin sa ga sojojin magnetic (ferromagnetism).

Godiya ga na ƙarshe, za a iya raba kayan ƙarfe daga mara ƙarfe a cikin sharar birni ta hanyar hanyoyin rabuwa na magnetic.

Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa ana buƙatar su sosai a matakin masana'antu a duk faɗin duniya, wanda ke tsakanin 1 zuwa 2% na duk sharar gida (musamman gwangwani abinci), saboda in mun gwada low price da high alloying ikon da sauran karafa don samun sabbin sifofi da haɓaka kaddarorin su.

Nau'in kayan ƙarfe

Dukkan ƙarfe masu ƙarfe sun dace da ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan uku, gwargwadon abubuwan da suka haɗa su:

• Karfe mai tsabta da ƙarfe mai taushi. Tare da ƙarancin carbon mai yawa ko, kodayake yana da wuya, a cikin yanayin tsabta.
• Karfe. Ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da sauran kayan (galibi carbon da silicon), waɗanda kayan na ƙarshe basu wuce 2% na abun ciki ba.
• Gidauniya. Tare da kasancewar carbon ko wasu kayan a cikin ma'aunin da ya fi 2%.

Misalan kayan ƙarfe

1. Karfe mai tsabta. Wannan kayan, ɗaya daga cikin mafiya yawa a duniyar, shine karfe launin toka na azurfa na ƙarfin maganadisu, babban tauri da yawa. Ana ɗaukarsa tsarkakakke lokacin da aka haɗa shi zuwa kashi 99.5% na atom ɗin iri ɗaya kuma, duk da haka, ba shi da fa'ida sosai, idan aka ba shi rashin ƙarfi (Yana da rauni), babban maƙasudin narkewa (1500 ° C) da iskar shaka da sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada.
2. Bakin ƙarfe. Har ila yau ana kiranta irin karfeYana da ƙarancin ƙarancin carbon (ba ya kai 1%) kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau'ikan ƙarfe na kasuwanci da ke wanzu. Yana da fa'ida ga gami da ƙirƙira, bayan dumama shi zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi da hammata shi ja mai zafi, yayin da yake sanyaya da ƙima da sauri.
3. Karfe Carbon. An san shi azaman ƙarfe gini, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka samar da ƙarfe da aka samar a masana'antar ƙarfe kuma ɗayan mafi amfani a duniya. An samar da shi daga cakuda tare da carbon a cikin madaidaicin rabo: 0.25% a cikin ƙaramin ƙarfe, 0.35% a cikin mai zaki, 0.45% a cikin mai ƙarfi da 0.55% cikin wuya.
4. Silicon Karfe. Hakanan ana kiransa da ƙarfe na lantarki, ƙarfe na Magnetic ko ƙarfe don masu juyawa, wanda tuni ya bayyana a cikin masana'antar da aka fi amfani da ita, samfuran ƙarfe na ƙarfe ne tare da madaidaicin digiri na silicon (daga 0 zuwa 6.5%), da manganese da aluminum (0.5%). Babban nagartarsa ​​ita ce ta samun tsayayyar wutar lantarki sosai.
5. Bakin karfe. Wannan ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya shahara sosai, idan aka ba shi babban juriya ga lalata da aikin iskar oxygen (hadawan abu da iskar shaka), samfurin kera shi daga chromium (mafi ƙarancin 10 zuwa 12%) da sauran karafa kamar molybdenum da nickel.
6. Galvanized karfe. Wannan shine sunan da aka ba ƙarfe wanda aka rufe shi da sinadarin zinc, wanda, kasancewar ƙarfe mai ƙanƙanta da yawa, yana kare shi daga iska kuma yana rage jinkirin lalata shi. Wannan yana da amfani ƙwarai don yin sassan bututu da kayan aikin famfo.
7. Karfe Damascus. Asalin wannan takamaiman nau'in ƙarfe ana tsammanin ya kasance a Gabas ta Tsakiya (garin Damascus na Siriya) tsakanin ƙarni na 11 zuwa 17, lokacin da aka kawo takubban wannan kayan a Turai, saboda tsananin taurin su da "kusan madawwami "gefen .. Har yanzu ana ta muhawara kan menene ainihin dabarar da aka yi amfani da ita don samun sa a lokacin, duk da cewa a yau an yi ta kwaikwaiyo shi da yawa na wuƙaƙe da kayan yankan ƙarfe.
8. Karfe "wootz”. Wannan ƙarfe ana samun sa ta al'ada ta hanyar haɗa ragowar baƙin ƙarfe (ores ko baƙin ƙarfe alade) tare da gawayi na asalin kayan lambu da gilashi, a cikin tanda a yanayin zafi. Wannan gami yana da carbides da yawa waɗanda ke sa shi musamman da wuya kuma ba nakasa ba.
9. Ginin ƙarfe. Wannan shine sunan da aka ba wa alloys tare da babban abun ciki na carbon (yawanci tsakanin 2.14 zuwa 6.67%) wanda aka sa baƙin ƙarfe, don samun abubuwa masu yawa da ƙanƙara (farin ƙarfe ƙarfe) ko mafi daidaituwa da kera (simintin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe).
10. Permalloy. Maganin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da nickel a cikin rabe -raben daban -daban, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar maganadisu da juriya na lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace don yin na'urori masu auna firikwensin, kawunan magnetic da sauran kayan aiki a masana'antar.

Misalan kayan da ba ƙarfe ba

1. Copper. Tare da alamar sunadarai Cu, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan teburin lokaci -lokaci. Karfe ne ductile kuma mai watsa wutar lantarki da zafi mai kyau, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake amfani dashi da yawa a cikin sadarwa kuma ba sosai a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar tauri.
2. Aluminum. Wani babban madubin lantarki da zafi, aluminium yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ƙarfe a yau, saboda ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, haske da ƙarancin iskar shaka, gami da ƙarancin guba, yana mai da shi manufa don yin kwantena na abinci.
3. Tin. Wanda aka saba amfani da shi don kare ƙarfe daga iskar shaka, ƙarfe ne mai kauri, mai launi mai haske wanda, lokacin lanƙwasa, yana fitar da ƙuntataccen abin da ake kira "kukan tin". Yana da taushi da sassauci a zafin jiki na ɗaki, amma idan ya yi zafi sai ya zama mai rauni da taushi.
4. Zinc. Mai tsananin tsayayya da tsatsa da lalata, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin galvanizing, wannan kashi yana da sauƙi kuma baya da arha, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yake cikin babban buƙatun masana'antu a zamaninmu.
5. Tagulla. Gilashi ne na jan ƙarfe da zinc (tsakanin 5 zuwa 40%), wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe biyu ba tare da ɗaukar haske da ƙarancin su ba. An yi amfani da shi sosai wajen ƙera kayan masarufi, sassan bututun ruwa da kayan aiki gabaɗaya.
6. Tagulla. Tare da gogewar da aka yi da jan ƙarfe da ƙari na tin 10%, ana samun wannan ƙarfe wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe da ductile mai ƙarfi, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin ɗan adam, har ya ba da sunansa ga wani. shekarun wayewa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin mutum -mutumi, guntun kayan haɗi da maɓallan, tsakanin dubunnan sauran amfani.
7. Magnesium. Yana da yawa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa kuma yana narkewa a cikin ruwan teku, wannan ƙarfe ƙarfe ya ƙunshi wasu mahimman ions don rayuwa a doron ƙasa, duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun sa cikin yanayi na 'yanci a yanayi ba, amma a matsayin wani ɓangare na manyan mahadi. . Yana amsawa da ruwa kuma yana ƙonewa sosai.
8. Titanium. Ya fi ƙarfe ƙarfi, amma kuma ya fi tsayayya da lalata da irin wannan taurin, ƙarfe ne mai yawa a yanayi (ba a cikin tsarkin sa ba) amma yana da tsada ga mutum, don haka ba a amfani da shi sosai. An yi amfani da shi sosai a ƙera likitocin likita.
9. Nickel. Wani sinadarin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, fari-fari da ductile, malleable, mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da tsayayya da oxyidation kuma, duk da ba ƙarfe ba ne, yana da kaddarorin magnetic da ake iya gani sosai. Hakanan yanki ne mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin halitta m.
10. Zinariya. Wani daga cikin karafa masu daraja, wataƙila sanannen sananne kuma mafi yawan kwadayin abin da aka ba da godiya ta kasuwanci da tattalin arziƙi. Kalarsa launin rawaya ne mai haske kuma madaidaici ne, mai sauƙaƙawa kuma mai nauyi wanda ke amsa cyanide, mercury, chlorine da bleach.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Abubuwan Da Za a Iya Sauƙaƙewa