The ilmin sunadarai Ilimin kimiyya ne ke nazarin abin da ya ƙunshi da sauye -sauyen da za su iya faruwa ga kwayoyin halitta, a kowane irin sa. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fannonin karatu a cikin ilmin sunadarai shine gas, kamar yadda ya zama dole a gudanar da bincike kan halayen su a Duniya.
Gas, kamar yadda aka nufa a duk lokacin horo, yakamata a bayyana shi ta hanyar lissafi da sauran abubuwan lissafi da ƙididdiga, waɗanda a kowane hali sun bambanta dangane da nau'in gas da yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. Saboda sarkakiyar waɗannan lissafin, masanin kimiyyar Jan van Helmont (wanda ya ƙirƙira manufar iskar gas) ya zana shahararriyar Dokar, wadda ta haɗa hali ga halayen gas, a cikin alaƙar ta tsakanin ƙarfin kuzari da zafin jiki.
The Dokar Van HelmontA cikin sigar sa mafi sauƙi, yana nuna cewa a cikin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ƙarar gas ɗin da aka kayyade yana daidai da matsa lamba da yake yi: P * V = k akai. Koyaya, kamar kowane gudummawar kimiyya, dole ne a sami damar tara shi kuma an tabbatar da amincin sa, wanda aka gano ba haka bane a cikin kowane hali.
Ƙarshen da aka cimma shi ne cewa ba Dokar ba daidai ba ce, amma hakan yayi aiki ne kawai don iskar gas, hasashe na gas wanda kwayoyin ba sa rushewa a tsakaninsu, koyaushe yana da adadin adadin ƙwayoyin da ke mamaye ƙima iri ɗaya a yanayi iri ɗaya na matsin lamba da zafin jiki, kuma ba shi da wani ƙarfi mai jan hankali.
The manufa gas, duk da ba wakiltar gas ɗin da ke akwai da gaske ba, yana da kayan aiki don sauƙaƙe adadi mai yawa na lissafin lissafi.
The jimlar daidaitattun gasBugu da ƙari, yana haifar da haɗuwa da wasu muhimman dokoki guda biyu don ilmin sunadarai, wanda kuma yana ɗauka cewa iskar gas ɗin ta dace da halayen iskar gas. Dokar Boyle-Mariotte tana da alaƙa da ƙarar da matsin lamba na yawan iskar gas a zazzabi mai ɗorewa, ganin cewa sun yi daidai. Dokar Charles - Gay Lussac ya danganta ƙarar da zafin jiki, ganin cewa suna daidaita kai tsaye tare da matsa lamba akai.
Ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙiri wani jerin gwanon gas masu kyau, domin kamar yadda aka ce abu ne na musamman hasashen gas. Idan za ku iya lissafa jerin gas (gami da isasshen gas) wanda magani zai iya zama daidai da na iskar gas mai kyau, saboda halaye iri ɗaya ne, muddin matsin lamba da yanayin zafin jiki na al'ada ne.
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Hydrogen
- Carbon dioxide
- Helium
- Neon
- Argon
- Krypton
- Xenon da
- Radon
The gas na gaske sun kasance, sabanin akida, waɗanda ke da ɗabi'ar thermodynamic kuma saboda wannan dalili ba sa bin daidaiton jihar da isasshen iskar gas. A cikin matsanancin matsin lamba da ƙarancin zafin jiki, dole ne a ɗauki gas a matsayin ainihin. A wannan yanayin ana cewa gas ɗin yana cikin babban yanayi.
The babban bambanci tsakanin ingantaccen gas da gas na gaske shi ne cewa ba za a iya matsawa na ƙarshen ba har abada, amma ƙarfin matsawa yana da alaƙa da matsin lamba da matakan zafin jiki.
The gas na gaske suna kuma da lissafin jihar wanda ke bayyana halayen su, wanda shine wanda aka bayar Van der waals a cikin 1873. Ƙididdigar tana da ƙima mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsin lamba, kuma tana canza madaidaicin daidaiton gas zuwa wani matsayi: P * V = n * R * T, inda n shine adadin moles na gas, da R akai -akai da ake kira 'iskar gas'.
Gas ɗin da ba ya yin kama da gas mai kyau ana kiransa gas na ainihi. Jerin da ke biye yana nuna wasu misalan waɗannan iskar gas, kodayake kuna iya ƙara waɗanda aka riga aka jera su azaman gas mai kyau, amma wannan lokacin a cikin mahallin babban matsin lamba da / ko ƙarancin zafin jiki.
- Ammoniya
- Methane
- Ethane
- Ethene
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
- Benzene
