Wadatacce
The alkenes sune mahadi waɗanda ke ɗauke da haɗin carbon-carbon guda biyu, suna amsa tsarin kwayoyin CnH2n; Hakanan ana kiran alkenes na inorganic olefins kuma suna dacewa da kungiyar hydrocarbons aliphatics marasa ƙoshin lafiya, masu mahimmanci a cikin samar da mai.
Akwai gajere, matsakaici ko doguwar sarka; Hakanan akwai alkenes na cyclic ko cycloalkenes kuma akwai ma alkenes a cikin kwayoyin halitta.
Thealkenes, yana da haɗin carbon-carbon biyu, suna da ƙarancin sinadarin Hydrogen fiye da alkane tare da daidai adadin carbon atoms. Ana nuna matsayin haɗin ninki biyu ta hanyar sakawa kafin kari "-ba"Ƙa'idar Latin wanda ke nuna adadin carbon ɗin inda haɗin haɗin ya fara (tetra, penta, octa, da sauransu); Abubuwan maye (galibi chlorine, bromine, ethyl, methyl, da sauransu) ana kiran su azaman prefixes (a farkon sunan), cikakkun bayanai kuma cikin tsari.
Lura: Ganin yadda hadadden sunan sunadarai bisa ƙa'idojin IUPAC na iya zama, yawancin alkenes na halitta suna da sunaye masu ƙayatarwa, galibi suna da alaƙa da tushen asalin su.
The alkenes har carbons guda hudu ne gas a zafin jiki na ɗaki, waɗanda ke da carbons 4 zuwa 18 suna ruwa kuma mafi tsawo shine m. An narkar da su a cikin garkuwar jiki irin su ether ko barasa, kuma sun ɗan yi yawa fiye da alkanes masu dacewa, kodayake suna da ƙaramin narkewa da wurin tafasa. Dangane da tashin hankali da aka samu ta hanyar ninki biyu, tazara tsakanin atoms carbon shine 1.34 angstroms a alkene, da 1.50 angstroms a cikin alkane daidai.
Suna gabatar da a yawa reactivity fiye da alkanes, daidai saboda yana da waɗancan shaidu biyu, waɗanda zasu iya karyewa da ba da izinin ƙari wasu zarra, sau da yawa hydrogen ko halogens. Suna kuma iya kwarewa hadawan abu da iskar shaka kuma polymerization. Alkenes galibi suna da isomerism cis-trans ko stereoisomerism, tunda ƙwayoyin carbon da ke da alaƙa biyu ba za su iya juyawa ba kuma wannan yana haifar da jirage daban-daban. Alkenes da ke da lambobi biyu ana kiransu dienes, kuma waɗanda ke da fiye da biyun biyun galibi ana kiransu polyenes.
A shuka duniya alkenes suna da yawa kuma suna da mahimmancin aikin ilimin lissafi, kamar tsara tsarin girkin 'ya'yan itace ko tace wasu hasken rana. Tsarin sunadarai na alkenes yawanci yana da rikitarwa kuma ya haɗa da sarƙoƙin carbon da zobba. Wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa irin su karas ko tumatir, da wasu ɓawon burodi kamar su ƙwari, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na beta carotene, muhimmin alkene wanda shine farkon bitamin A.
Misalan alkenes
| Ethylene ko ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Cholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene ko propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Kafur | Mentofuran |
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Alkanes
- Misalan Hydrocarbons
- Misalan Alkynes
