Wadatacce
The guntu -guntu su ne abubuwan ilmin lissafi da ke wakiltar rabo tsakanin lambobi biyu. Daidai ne saboda wannan dalilin cewa guntun juzu'in yana da alaƙa gaba ɗaya da aikin rarrabuwa, a zahiri ana iya cewa juzu'i rabo ne ko ƙima tsakanin lambobi biyu.
Kasancewa mai ƙima, ɓangarori za a iya bayyana sakamakonsa, wato lamba ta musamman (lamba ko ƙima), don a sake bayyana dukkan su azaman lambobi. Har ila yau, a cikin ma'ana ta gaba: ana iya sake bayyana dukkan lambobi azaman gutsuttsuran (Ana ɗaukar dukkan lambobi azaman gutsuttsura tare da ƙima 1).
Rubuce -rubucen gutsutsuren yana bin tsari mai zuwa: an rubuta lambobi biyu, ɗaya sama da ɗayan kuma an raba shi da jan layi na tsakiya, ko kuma an raba shi ta layin diagonal, kwatankwacin wanda aka rubuta lokacin da aka wakilci kashi (%). Lambar da ke sama an san ta da lamba, ga wanda ke ƙasa kamar denominator; na karshen shine daya yana aiki azaman mai rarrabuwa.
Misali, kashi 5/8 yana wakiltar 5 wanda aka raba ta 8, don haka yayi daidai da 0.625. Idan mai ƙididdigewa ya fi ƙima, yana nufin cewa kashi ya fi naúrar, don haka ana iya sake bayyana shi azaman ƙimar lamba tare da ƙaramin ƙarami fiye da 1 (alal misali, 50/12 daidai yake da 48/12 da 2/12, wato 4 + 2/12).
A wannan ma'anar yana da sauƙin ganin hakan za a iya sake maimaita lamba ɗaya ta adadin adadi mara iyaka; kamar yadda 5/8 zai yi daidai da 10/16, 15/24 da 5000/8000, koyaushe daidai yake da 0.625. Ana kiran waɗannan gutsutsuren masu daidaitawa kuma ko da yaushe kiyaye a dangantakar daidaiton kai tsaye.
A cikin yau da kullun, galibi ana bayyana ɓangarori tare da mafi ƙarancin adadi mai yuwuwa, saboda wannan ana neman ƙaramin adadin lamba wanda ke sa mai ƙididdige ma lamba. A cikin misalin gutsuttsuran da suka gabata, babu yadda za a yi a rage shi sosai, tunda babu lamba mai kasa da 8 wanda kuma shi ne mai raba 5.
Ƙungiyoyi da ayyukan lissafi
Game da muhimman ayyukan ilmin lissafi tsakanin ɓangarori, ya kamata a lura cewa don jimla da kuma cirewa Ya zama dole masu ƙidaya su daidaita kuma, sabili da haka, dole ne a nemo mafi ƙarancin mahimmin ta hanyar daidaituwa (misali, 4/9 + 11/6 shine 123/54, tunda 4/9 shine 24/54 da 11/6 shine 99/54).
Za ku ninkawa da kuma rarrabuwa, tsarin yana da ɗan sauƙi: a yanayin farko, ana amfani da ninkawa tsakanin masu ƙidaya fiye da ninki tsakanin masu ƙidaya; a na biyun, ana yin ninkawa 'murkushe'.
Rarraba cikin rayuwar yau da kullun
Dole ne a faɗi cewa ɓangarori suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ilimin lissafi da ke bayyana a yawancin lokuta a rayuwar yau da kullun. Adadi mai yawa Ana siyar da samfuran azaman ɓangaroriKo dai kilo, lita, ko ma sabani da tarihi da aka kafa don wasu abubuwa, kamar ƙwai ko daftari, waɗanda ke tafiya da dozin.
Don haka muna da 'rabin dozin', 'kwata na kilo', 'ragin kashi biyar', 'ribar kashi uku, da sauransu, amma duk sun haɗa da fahimtar ra'ayin juzu'i.
Misalan gutsuttsura
- 4/5
- 21/13
- 61/2
- 1/3
- 40/13
- 44/9
- 31/22
- 177/17
- 30/88
- 51/2
- 505/2
- 140/11
- 1/108
- 6/7
- 1/7
- 33/9
- 29/7
- 101/100
- 49/7
- 69/21
