Jihohi marasa tsari da na tarayya

Wadatacce

• Misalan Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa
• Misali daga Jihohin Tarayya

The siffofin kungiyar Jihohi A halin yanzu an ayyana su dangane da dalilai daban -daban, daga ciki har da iyakance daidaiton ikon mallakar Jiha, wanda ke nufin sanin abin da ƙungiyar ta Jiha za ta kasance: galibi babban abin shine a tantance ko yana da mai riƙo ɗaya, ko kuma idan yana da cibiyoyin iko daban -daban.

Misalan Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa

The Jihohi marasa tsari Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke da cibiya guda ta motsawa, ta yadda hanyar ayyukan yanki, na doka, na shari'a da na sarrafawa ke da tushe a wannan shugaban. Irin wannan jiha shine mafi yawan tsari na kungiya wanda kasa-kasa ta samo asali bayan kwata-kwata, wanda shine wanda ya ƙare da maye gurbin sarauta a cikin wakilan da al'umma suka zaɓa.

The tsakiya na iko Yana da wasu fa'idodi dangane da fa'ida da rage cikas na ofisoshin don aiwatar da nufin Jiha, amma akasin haka, yana iya samun lahani waɗanda ƙarfin ikon ya ɗauka.

Rarraba

Za'a iya rarrabe tsarin naúrar bisa ga ikon yin amfani da babban ƙarfin taro: zai zama jihar:

• Karkasa, lokacin da duk ayyuka da halayen ƙasar suka mai da hankali a tsakiya;
• Mai da hankali, lokacin da akwai ƙungiyoyi da ke dogaro da ikon tsakiya tare da takamaiman iko ko ayyuka a matakan gida; kuma
• Ƙarfafawa, lokacin da akwai cibiyoyi masu mutunci na doka da kadarorinsu, ƙarƙashin kulawa ko kulawa na babban tsari na gwamnati.

Ga wasu misalai na Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa:

Duba kuma: Menene Kasashen da ba su ci gaba ba?

Misali daga Jihohin Tarayya

The Jihohin tarayya, akasin haka, su ne waɗanda suka kafa fom ɗinsu kan rabe -raben iko a cikin ƙasa, wato, bisa tushen cewa asali an rarraba ikon ne tsakanin cibiyoyin da ke kula da sararin yanki daban -daban, ta yadda kuma ana rarraba ikon tsarin mulki a tsakanin filayen siyasa. Ƙarfin tattara da ƙirƙirar harajiMisali, an rarraba shi tsakanin yankuna tare da yuwuwar biyan harajin ayyuka daban -daban kowane yanki.

Fitowar jihohin tarayya, wanda kuma aka sani da tarayya, yana da alaƙa da daidaitawa da daidaituwa na bukatun cewa dangane da jihohin da ba na gama -gari ba: galibi asalin tarayya yana cikin tsarin jihohi masu cin gashin kansu da aka taru don warware matsalolin gama gari ko samar da kariya ga juna.

Samar da tsakiyar ƙasa ya zama dole, amma tambayoyin da suka danganci ainihi da hanyoyin siyasa na kowane yanki na ci gaba da cancanta zuwa wurin.

Rarraba

Kamar yadda yake a jahohin dunkulalliya, jihohin tarayya suna da nasu rabe -raben tsakanin mai daidaitawa da kuma asymmetrical, bisa ga ko ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da tarayya suna da iko iri ɗaya ko a'a. A wasu daga cikin tarayya, yanki yana da wasu halaye na musamman waɗanda ke ba shi babban matakin iko.

Ga wasu misalai na tarayya ko jahohin tarayya: Ƙananan matakan da aka raba su cikin su sune jahohi, larduna, yankuna, yankuna, da al'ummomi masu cin gashin kansu.

Duba kuma: Kasashe na tsakiya da na gefe