Tabbatattun Hanyoyi Masu Kyau

Wadatacce

• Misalai masu kyau masu kara kuzari
• Misalan abubuwan da ba su da kyau

Ana kiranta gyaran fuska zuwa tsarin sunadarai hanzartawa ko rage karfin sinadaran, daga ƙari na wani abu ko wani abu, mai sauƙi da hadadden abu, wanda ke canza lokutan amsawa ba tare da ya shafi yanayin samfurin ƙarshe na iri ɗaya ba, kuma, ba tare da rasa nasa taro a cikin tsari ba, wanda yake faruwa tare da reagents.

Ana kiran wannan sinadarin mai kara kuzari. Kowane halayen sunadarai yana da haɓaka mai dacewa, wanda zai iya hanzarta, ɗaukaka ko haɓaka (m kara kuzari), ko akasin haka rage gudu, raguwa da raunana (korau kara kuzari) tsarin ku. Na karshen an fi sani da masu hanawa.

Duba kuma: Misalan Masu Kara kuzari (da ayyukansu)

Misalai masu kyau masu kara kuzari

1. Zazzabi. Yawancin halayen halayen sunadarai ana iya hanzarta su ba tare da canza samfuran su ba, ta hanyar ƙara yawan abubuwan zazzabi na matsakaicin amsawa. A saboda wannan dalili bazuwar na al'amari yana faruwa mafi sauri a cikin wurare masu zafi.
2. Enzymes. A zahiri ta rarrabe ta jikin rayayyun halittu, enzymes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, suna hanzarta matakai masu mahimmanci waɗanda, idan sun faru da kan su, zasu buƙaci yanayin zafi wanda galibi bai dace da rayuwa ba. (duba: enzymes narkewa)
3. Palladium kara kuzari. Don motocin da ke amfani da gas ɗin da ba a sarrafa su ba, bututu tare da palladium ko platinum a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna biye da shaye -shayen motocin, za su iya haifar da aiwatar da lalata carbon monoxide da sauran gas mai guba na ƙonewa, yana ba da damar rage su zuwa abubuwa ƙasa da haɗari a lokacin rikodin.
4. Abubuwan da aka samo na fluorine. Suna hanzarta bazuwar ozone (O₃ → O + O₂) a cikin iskar oxygen, abin da yake yawan jinkiri. Wannan ita ce matsalar aerosols da firiji waɗanda ke sakin CFCs cikin yanayi: suna haɓaka yanayin ozone a wannan ma'anar.
5. Magnesium dioxide (MnO₂). Mai yawan haɓakawa a cikin rarrabuwa na Hydrogen Peroxide ko hydrogen peroxide (2H₂KO₂ → 2H₂O + O₂) a cikin ruwa da oxygen.
6. Nickel. An yi amfani da shi a cikin iskar gas ɗin mai na kayan lambu, don samun margarine, yayin da wannan ƙarfe ke hanzarta aiwatar da wadataccen lipids.
7. Azurfa. Polycrystalline azurfa da nanoporose sune masu haɓaka haɓakar carbon dioxide (CO₂) ta hanyar electrocatalysis.
8. Aluminum chloride. Ma'aikaci a wurin masana'antu masana'antar petrochemical don hanzarta samar da sinadarin roba ko man shafawa, ba tare da canza yanayin yanayin hydrocarbons a cikin tambaya, tunda tana da kayan acidic da na asali a lokaci guda (abu na amphoteric).
9. Karfe. Ana amfani dashi azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin tsarin Haber-Bosch don samun ammoniya daga hydrogen da nitrogen.
10. Hasken UV. Hasken Ultraviolet, tare da wani musamman kara kuzari, yana yin photocatalysis: hanzarin haɓaka sinadaran ta hanyar aikin mai haɓakawa wanda ƙarfin hasken ultraviolet ya kunna.

Misalan abubuwan da ba su da kyau

1. Zazzabi. Kamar yadda karuwar zafin jiki ke hanzarta sunadarai, raguwa a cikinsa yana jinkirta su. Wannan shi ne ka’idar sanyaya jiki, misali, wanda ke tsawaita rayuwar abinci ta ajiye shi a ƙaramin zafin jiki.
2. Citric acid. Acid na lemun tsami da sauran 'ya'yan itacen citrus yana rage jinkirin tsarin oxyidation na kwayoyin halitta.
3. Masu hana enzyme. Abubuwa masu ilimin halitta waɗanda ke ɗaure da enzymes kuma suna rage ayyukansu, don dakatar da sinadarai ko hanyoyin nazarin halittu. Sau da yawa ana amfani da su don yaƙi pathogenic microorganisms, yana hana wasu mahimmin tsari don haifuwarsa.
4. Potassium chlorate. Ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin shuɗi, wanda aka rufe da ƙarfe magnetite don rage gudu ko hana tsarin lalata shi.
5. Sorbic acid. Ana amfani da kayan kiyayewa na halitta a masana'antar abinci don rage rarrabuwa na abinci.
6. Tetraethyl gubar. A cikin man fetur da ya lalace yanzu, an yi amfani da wannan kayan azaman ƙwanƙwasawa, wato don hana fashewar sa da wuri.
7. Propanoic acid. Ruwa mara launi, mai lalatawa tare da ƙanshin ƙamshi, ya dace da adana abinci, abinci da samfuran magunguna, saboda yana da ƙarfi mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta da hana ƙwayoyin cuta.
8. Sulfur da abubuwan da aka samo. Waɗannan mahadi suna aiki azaman masu hana haɓakar ingantaccen catalysis na foda platinum ko nickel a cikin halayen hydrogenation. Bayyanar da sulfur yana dakatar da sakamako kuma amsawar tana komawa cikin saurin ta.
9. Hydrocyanic (ko prussic) acid. Mai guba mai yawa, tasirin sa akan dabbobi ko mutane yana katse ayyukan ƙarfe -ƙarfe na ƙarfe, don haka yana hana numfashin salula da haifar da mutuwa cikin mintuna kaɗan.
10. Mercury, phosphorus, ko tururin arsenic. Waɗannan abubuwan gaba ɗaya sun soke aikin asbestos na platinum a cikin yin sulfuric acid, yana aiki azaman mai hanawa mai ƙarfi.