Liquefaction

Wadatacce

• Misalai na liquefaction
• Iya bauta maka

The liquefaction ko liquefaction shine tsarin canjin al'amarin a gaseous hali (galibi), kai tsaye zuwa a jihar ruwa, ta hanyar ƙara matsa lamba (matsawar isothermal) da rage zafin jiki. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan, a zahiri, sun bambanta liquefaction daga sandaro ko hazo.

Masanin Birtaniya Michel Faraday ne ya gano wannan dabarar a 1823, yayin gwaje -gwajensa da ammoniya, kuma a yau ya zama ɗayan hanyoyin da aka saba kuma ba makawa don sarrafa iskar gas da masana'antu.

Duba kuma: Misalai daga Gaseous zuwa Liquids (da sauran hanyar kusa)

Misalai na liquefaction

1. Liquefied chlorine. Wannan sinadarin mai guba an yi shi ne daga iskar gas na chlorine, don tsarmawa a cikin ruwan datti, wuraren ninkaya da sauran nau'ikan muhallin ruwa da ake nufin tsarkakewa.
2. Liquid nitrogen. Ana amfani dashi azaman mai sanyaya ruwa da murɗawa, tunda wannan iskar gas ɗin tana riƙe da ɗumbin zafi, yana da yawa a cirewar fata ko ƙona tiyata, ko a daskarar da maniyyi da ƙwai.
3. Ruwan oxygen. A cikin sigar ruwa, ana jigilar shi zuwa asibitoci da dakunan shan magani inda, da zarar an dawo da matsin lambar sa, yana komawa ga sifar sa ta gas kuma ana iya ciyar da shi ta hanyar numfashi ga marasa lafiya da ke da raunin huhu.
4. Helium liquefaction. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ne yayi wannan a karon farko a cikin 1913, wanda ya ba da izinin jerin gwaje-gwaje masu ban mamaki tare da helium mai ruwa (-268.93 ° C), kamar tasirin thermomechanical da sauran waɗanda suka ba da damar fahimtar mafi Gas mai daraja.
5. Propane da Butane sun sha ruwa. Waɗannan gas ɗin da ake amfani da su na kasuwanci da masana'antu na yau da kullun da aka ba da ƙonawa da farashi mai arha, ana jigilar su a cikin tankuna da carafes da yawa cikin jin daɗi a cikin nau'in ruwa, tunda suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan (kusan sau 600 ƙasa da ƙara) kuma sun fi dacewa.
6. Talakawa masu kunna wuta. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na fitilun filastik na yau da kullun ba komai bane illa iskar gas, wanda ta hanyar aiki da maɓallin da kunna walƙiya, komawa ga sigar gas ɗin su kuma ciyar da harshen wuta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kunna wuta ba shi da kyau: ruwan yana dawo da sigar gas ɗinsa kuma yana matsawa waje, yana sa kwandon filastik ya fashe.
7. Firiji. Firiji da injin daskarewa suna haifar da sanyi daga madaidaicin iskar gas a cikin condenser, wanda ke fitar da zafi kuma yana rage zafin ƙasa.
8. Liquefied petroleum gas. An narkar da mai ko iskar gas, shine hydrocarbons mai saukin shayarwa, wanda aka samo ta distillation kashi -kashi (fashewa) kuma ana amfani dashi azaman man gas.
9. Aerosols da sprays. An dakatar da abubuwan da ke cikin iska da yawa, har ma da fenti na titi, a cikin iskar gas mai ƙarfi, wanda sifar sa a cikin kwantena ruwa ce amma, da zarar an kunna na'urar, tana komawa matsin lamba kuma tana dawo da yanayin gas ɗin ta, ta fesa Targeted surface. tare da fenti ko abin da ake so da sakin sauran iskar gas ɗin cikin muhalli.
10. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) ruwa. Ko dai a matsayin mataki na baya don samun busasshen kankara, ko wani ɓangare na sauran hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar hakan, CO₂ mai yawa a cikin yanayi ana iya shayar da shi lokacin da ake fuskantar matsanancin matsin lamba da matsawa.
11. Liquefaction na ammoniya. A matsayin wani ɓangare na amfani da shi don samun masu tsabtace masu yawa ko sauran kaushi, ammoniya (NH₃) za a iya haɗawa. Ana amfani da wannan sau da yawa a cikin balloons na yanayi don ƙara ballast, wanda a sauƙaƙe za a iya dawo da shi cikin yanayin gas da ɗaga jirgin.
12. Ruwan iska. Hanya ce ta samun abubuwa masu tsabta don amfani masana’antu: ana ɗaukar iska daga yanayi kuma ana shayar da shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, don daga baya ya narkar da abubuwan da ke cikinsa kuma ya sami damar adana su daban, kamar nitrogen, oxygen da argon.
13. Iskar gas mai daraja. Anyi amfani dashi sosai a fagen likitanci na na'urar hangen nesa na infrared, tunda waɗannan abubuwan suna bayyane ga wannan nau'in radiation kuma basa rufe ɓoyayyen barbashi ko abubuwan da aka narkar da su.
14. Superconductors. A cikin manyan wuraren kimiyya ko na’ura mai kwakwalwa wanda kayan aikin sa ke samarwa da yawa zafi, iskar gas (a yanayin zafi ƙanƙara) kamar hydrogen da helium ana amfani da su don gujewa wuce gona da iri na ƙwararrun injina.
15. Liquefied argon. A kimiyyance an yi aiki da shi wajen neman abin duhu, ta hanyar manyan abubuwan ganowa waɗanda ke ɗauke da ɓangarorin Argon a cikin gas da ruwa, don fitar da haske a duk lokacin da wani ɓoyayyen abu mai duhu ya ci karo da wannan sinadarin.

Iya bauta maka

• Misalai na liquefaction
• Misalan Condensation
• Misalan Distillation
• Misalan Vaporization
• Misalan Sublimation
• Misalan Ƙarfafawa