12 Misalan Abiotic Factors - Encyclopedia

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Misalan abubuwan abiotic
Iya bauta maka

Tsarin halittu wani tsari ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi daban -daban na halittu da muhallin da suke hulɗa da juna da muhallin. A cikin yanayin muhalli mun sami:

Abubuwan halitta: Su kwayoyin halitta ne, wato rayayyun halittu. Sun bambanta daga kwayoyin cuta zuwa manyan dabbobi da tsirrai. Suna iya zama heterotrophic (suna ɗaukar abincin su daga wasu rayayyun halittu) ko autotrophs (suna samar da abincin su daga abubuwan inorganic). Suna da alaƙa da juna ta alaƙa ta tsinkaya, iyawa, parasitism, commensalism, hadin kai koson juna.
Abiotic dalilai: Waɗannan su ne duk waɗanda suka ƙunshi halaye na zahiri-sunadarai na yanayin ƙasa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna cikin alaƙar dangantaka da abubuwan halittu tunda sun ba da damar rayuwarsu da haɓaka su. Misali: ruwa, iska, haske.

Abiotic dalilai na iya zama da fa'ida ga wasu nau'in ba ga wasu ba. Misali, a pH acid (abiotic factor) bai dace da rayuwa da haifuwa ba kwayoyin cuta (biotic factor) amma a don fungi (biotic factor).

Abubuwan halittu masu rai suna tabbatar da yanayin da kwayoyin ke rayuwa a cikin wani yanayin muhalli. A saboda wannan dalili, wasu kwayoyin halitta suna haɓaka daidaitawa ga waɗannan sharuɗɗa, wato a ce, a juyin halitta, za a iya canza rayayyun halittu ta abubuwan da ke da alaƙa.

A gefe guda, abubuwan biotic suma suna canza abubuwan abiotic. Misali, kasancewar wasu halittu (biotic factor) a cikin ƙasa na iya canza acidity (abiotic factor) na ƙasa.

Dubi kuma: Misalan abubuwan halittu masu rai da abiotic

Misalan abubuwan abiotic

Ruwa: Samar da ruwa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke shafar kasancewar kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsirrai, tunda yana da mahimmanci don rayuwar kowane nau'in rayuwa. A wuraren da ba a samun ruwa akai -akai, kwayoyin halitta sun samar da kayan aiki wanda zai basu damar ciyar da lokaci mai tsawo ba tare da tuntubar ruwa ba. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar ruwa yana shafar zazzabi da danshi na iska.
Hasken infrared: Wani nau'in haske ne da idon dan adam baya iya gani.
Hasken ultraviolet: Yana da electromagnetic radiation. Ba a gani. Dandalin duniya yana karewa daga yawancin waɗannan haskoki ta sararin samaniya. Kodayake hasken UV-A (raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 380 zuwa 315 nm) suna isa saman. Waɗannan haskoki ba su yin illa kaɗan ga kyallen jikin halittu daban -daban. Sabanin haka, hasken UV-B yana haifar da kunar rana da ciwon fata.
Yanayi: Daga abin da aka faɗi game da hasken ultraviolet, ana iya fahimtar cewa yanayi da halayensa suna shafar ci gaban halittu.
Zazzabi: Ana amfani da zafi da tsire -tsire ke amfani da shi lokacin photosynthesis. Bugu da kari, ga dukkan halittu akwai matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafin muhalli wanda zasu iya rayuwa da shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa canje -canje na duniya a yanayin zafi ke haifar da lalacewar nau'ikan daban -daban. The microorganisms da ake kira Extremophiles na iya jure matsanancin yanayin zafi.
Air: Abubuwan da ke cikin iska suna shafar ci gaba da lafiyar kwayoyin halitta. Misali, idan akwai iskar carbon monoxide a cikin iska, yana da illa ga dukkan halittu, gami da mutane. Iska kuma tana shafar, alal misali, bunƙasa tsirrai: bishiyoyin da ke zaune a wuraren da iska mai yawa a hanya ɗaya ke tsiro karkace.

Haske mai gani: Yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar tsirrai, tunda yana shiga cikin tsarin photosynthesis. Yana ba dabbobi damar gani a kusa da su don yin ayyuka daban -daban kamar neman abinci ko kare kansu.
Calcium: Yana da wani sinadari da ake samu a cikin ɓawon ƙasa amma kuma a cikin ruwan teku. Yana da mahimmanci don abubuwan halittu: yana ba da damar ci gaban ganye, tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin tsirrai, kuma a cikin dabbobi yana da mahimmanci don ƙarfin ƙasusuwa, tsakanin sauran ayyuka.
Copper: Yana daya daga cikin 'yan karafa da za a iya samu a dabi'a a ciki tsarki hali. Ana tunawa da shi azaman cation. A cikin tsire -tsire, yana shiga cikin tsarin photosynthesis. A cikin dabbobi, ana samunsa a cikin sel jini, yana shiga cikin kula da jijiyoyin jini, jijiyoyi, tsarin garkuwar jiki da kasusuwa.
Nitrogen: Yana samar da kashi 78% na iska. Legumes na sha shi kai tsaye daga iska. Kwayoyin cuta sun canza shi zuwa nitrate. Nitrate ana amfani dashi ta hanyoyi daban -daban don ƙirƙirar furotin.
Oxygen: Iya shi sinadarin sinadarai mafi yawa a taro a biosphere, wato teku, iska da ƙasa. Abiotic factor ne amma an sake shi ta hanyar biotic factor: shuke -shuke da algae, godiya ga tsarin photosynthesis. Kwayoyin halittar Aerobic sune waɗanda ke buƙatar iskar oxygen don canza kayan abinci zuwa makamashi. Mutane, alal misali, halittun aerobic ne.
Tsayin: Dangane da ƙasa, ana auna tsayin wani wuri ta la'akari da nisansa na tsaye daga matakin teku. Don haka, lokacin nuna tsayin, ana nuna shi, misali, 200 m.a.s.l. (mita sama da matakin teku). Tsayin yana shafar duka zafin jiki (yana rage digiri 0.65 ga kowane mita 100 na tsayi) da matsin yanayi.