Sel Organelles (da ayyukansu)

Wadatacce

• Organelles a cikin sel eukaryotic
• Organelles a cikin sel prokaryotic
• Misalan gabobin cikin sel eukaryotic
• Misalan gabobin cikin sel prokaryotic

The gabobin jiki ko sassan jikin salula sune sifofin da ke cikin kowace tantanin halitta. Sun bambanta da ilimin halittar jiki kuma sun bambanta da juna ta aikin da kowannensu ke cikawa a cikin tantanin halitta. Misali: mitochondria, kayan Golgi, ribosomes.

Organelles suna cikin sel eukaryotic da prokaryotic. Nau'i da adadin gabobin da tantanin halitta ke da su ya dogara kai tsaye da aikin sa da tsarin sa. Misali: Kwayoyin shuka suna da chloroplast organelle (wanda ke da alhakin photosynthesis).

Organelles a cikin sel eukaryotic

Kwayoyin Eukaryotic sune waɗanda ke da ƙwayar sel wanda ya ƙunshi DNA. Suna nan a cikin kwayoyin unicellular da multicellular. Misali: tantanin dabba, kwayar shuka.

Wannan nau'in sel ya ƙunshi tsari wanda ke da membrane, ƙwayar sel da cytoplasm (inda ake samun mafi yawan adadin ƙwayoyin sel). Organelles yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin eukaryotic su zama na musamman fiye da ƙwayoyin prokaryotic.

• Zai iya taimaka muku: Kwayoyin musamman

Organelles a cikin sel prokaryotic

Kwayoyin prokaryotic sune waɗanda basu da ƙwayar sel. Suna nan a cikin kwayoyin unicellular. Suna da ƙaramin tsari kuma ba su da rikitarwa fiye da sel eukaryotic. Misali: da kwayoyin cuta, arches.

Ba kamar ƙwayoyin eukaryotic ba, prokaryotes ba su da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin su, waɗanda ke bambanta gwargwadon halaye da ayyukan kowane sel kuma suna nan a wasu. Misali: ribosomes ko plasmids.

Kwayoyin prokaryotic suna raba membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, da kayan gado tare da sel eukaryotic.

Misalan gabobin cikin sel eukaryotic

1. Bangon waya. M tsarin da ke ba da kariya ga sel da aka samu a tsirrai, fungi, da wasu ƙwayoyin prokaryotic. Ya ƙunshi carbohydrates da sunadarai. Wannan bangon tantanin halitta yana kare tantanin halitta daga yanayin waje.
2. Plasma membrane. Nau'in lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin furotin. Yana da na roba kuma aikin sa shine daidaita shigar da fitowar abubuwa cikin tantanin halitta. Yana kare tsari da mutuncin tantanin halitta daga abubuwan muhalli na waje. Hakanan yana cikin sel prokaryotic.
3. M endoplasmic reticulum. Cibiyar sadarwa ta membranes wanda ke cikin kusan dukkanin sel eukaryotic. Aikinsa shine kira da jigilar sunadarai. Yana da ribosomes waɗanda ke ba shi mummunan kamanninsa.
4. Ƙaƙƙarfan reticulum mai ƙarewa. Membrane wanda ke ci gaba da matsanancin reticulum endoplasmic amma bai mallaki ribosomes ba.Ayyukansa sun haɗa da jigilar sel, kira na lipid da adana alli.
5. Ribosomes. Gidajen Supramolecular waɗanda ke da yawa a cikin kusan dukkanin sel eukaryotic. Aikin sa shine hada sunadarai daga bayanan da ke cikin DNA. Ana samun su kyauta a cikin cytoplasm ko a haɗe da m reticulum endoplasmic. Hakanan suna cikin sel prokaryotic.
6. Kayan aikin Golgi. Jerin membranes wanda aikinsu shine safara da tattara sunadarai. Yana da alhakin ƙirƙirar gluco-lipids da gluco-protein.
7. Mitochondria. Tsarukan elongated ko oval shape da ke da alhakin samar da makamashi ga tantanin halitta. Suna hada adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ta hanyar numfashin salula. Ana samun su a kusan dukkanin sel eukaryotic.
8. Vacuoles. Tsarin da ke cikin dukkanin ƙwayoyin shuka. Sun bambanta dangane da tantanin da suke ciki. Ayyukan su shine ajiya da sufuri. Suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka gabobin shuka da kyallen takarda. Bugu da ƙari, suna tsoma baki cikin aiwatar da homeostasis (tsarin jiki).
9. Microtubules. Tsarin tubular da ke tsakanin ayyukan su: jigilar intracellular, motsi da tsarin gabobin jiki a cikin tantanin halitta da shiga tsakani a cikin sel (duka a cikin mitosis da meiosis).
10. Vesicles Jakunan intracellular wanda aikin su shine adanawa, watsawa ko kai tsaye sharar salula. An raba su da cytoplasm ta membrane.
11. Lysosomes Jakunkuna masu siffa waɗanda ke da enzymes narkewa. Ayyukansu sun haɗa da safarar furotin, narkewar salula da phagocytosis na ƙwayoyin cuta da ke kai farmaki kan tantanin halitta. Suna nan a cikin dukkan sel na dabbobi. An samar da su ta na'urar Golgi.
12. Nucleus. Membranous tsarin da ya ƙunshi DNA a cikin macromolecules da ake kira chromosomes. Yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin sel eukaryotic.
13. Nucleolus Yankin da ke cikin tsakiya ya ƙunshi RNA da sunadarai. Ayyukansa shine kira na RNA ribosomal.
14. Chloroplasts. Plasts samu musamman a cikin algae da shuka Kwayoyin. Su ke da alhakin aiwatar da tsarin photosynthesis a cikin tantanin halitta. Suna da jakar ciki wanda ya ƙunshi chlorophyll.
15. Melanosomas. Siffar siffa ko elongated wanda ke ɗauke da melanin, launin da ke ɗaukar haske. Ana samun su a cikin sel dabbobi.
16. Mai Tsayayya. Cibiyar shirya Microtubule da ke cikin wasu sel na dabbobi. Yana shiga cikin rarrabuwa ta sel da hanyoyin sufuri. Tsara microtubules na tantanin halitta.
17. Cytoskeleton Tsarin sunadarai waɗanda ke ba da tsari da tsara abubuwan ciki na tantanin halitta. Yana shiga cikin zirga -zirgar intracellular da rarraba sel.
18. Cilia. Ƙananan, gajere da yawa villi waɗanda ke ba da damar motsi da jigilar sel. Ana samun su akan farfajiyar nau'in sel da yawa.
19. Flagella. Tsarin dogayen membranes waɗanda ke ba da izinin motsi na sel kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga kama abinci.
20. Peroxisomes. Tsarin Vesicle wanda ke cika ayyukan rayuwa. Ana samun su a yawancin sel eukaryotic.
21. Amyloplasts. Plasts da aka samo a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin shuka waɗanda aikinsu shine adana sitaci.
22. Chromoplasts. Plasts da aka samo a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin shuka waɗanda ke adana aladu waɗanda ke ba da furanni na shuka, mai tushe, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da tushen launin su.
23. Proteinoplasts. Plasts da aka samu a wasu sel na shuka wanda aikinsu shine adana sunadarai.
24. Oleoplasts. Ana samun faranti a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin shuka waɗanda aikinsu shine adana mai ko kitse.
25. Glioxisome. Wani nau'in peroxisome da ke cikin wasu ƙwayoyin shuka waɗanda ke canza lipids zuwa carbohydrates yayin haɓaka iri.
26. Acrosome. Vesicle yana a ƙarshen shugaban maniyyi wanda ya ƙunshi enzymes hydrolytic.
27. Hydrogenosome. Membrane-iyaka tsarin da ke samar da sinadarin hydrogen da ATP.

Misalan gabobin cikin sel prokaryotic

1. Nucleoid. Yankin tantanin halitta wanda ba a saba da shi ba na sel prokaryotic wanda ya ƙunshi DNA na tantanin halitta.
2. Plasmids Tsarin madauwari wanda ke ɗauke da kayan halitta na tantanin halitta. Ana kuma kiran su "kwayoyin halitta." Suna nan a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da archaea.
3. Pili. Ana samun kari akan farfajiyar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Suna cika ayyuka daban -daban kamar motsi na tantanin halitta ko haɗin tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta.

• Zai iya yi muku hidima: Unicellular da multicellular organisms