Wadatacce
A cikin harshen Ingilishi,fi’ili na yau da kullum sune waɗanda ke haifar da baya (mai sauƙi mai sauƙi) da mai raɗaɗi na baya (wanda ya gabata) koyaushe a cikin hanya ɗaya, tare da ƙari kawai ga tushe ko tushen haruffan '-da‘. Misali saurara, magana.
A Turanci suna bambanta ƙungiyoyin fi’ili guda huɗu: Na yau da kullun ko rauni; Ba daidai ba ko karfi; Masu taimako; Lahani ko mahaukaci.
Hakanan, bari mu tuna cewa baya sauki ana bayyana shi da kalma ɗaya, yayin da mahalarta shine nau'in fi'ili wanda aka haɗa cikin tsarin mahadi ko periphrasis na fi'ili, inda kalmar 'samun' ta bayyana, kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin kalmomin aikatau guda biyu da aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin wannan yaren: cikakke na yanzu da baya cikakke.
Akwai ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke jagorantar samuwar waɗannan kalmomin aikatau. Misali:
- Idan ya Ƙarshen fi’ili ya ƙare a cikin ‘kuma’, don samar da yanayin da ya gabata da wanda ya gabata a sauƙaƙe an kara harafin 'd'.
- Idan ya Ƙarshe yana samuwa ta hanyar harafi ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi jerin 'baƙaƙe-wasalin-baƙaƙe', abin da za ku yi shi ne ku kwafi harafin ƙarshe kuma ku ƙara harafin 'Ed'.
- A ƙarshe, idan Ƙarshen fi'ili ya ƙare a 'y' gabanin wani baƙaƙe, 'kuma'da'i'Kuma haruffa' -ed’.
Menene ƙari,wasu fi’ili na iya zama na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun (misali: don ƙonawa). A daya bangaren kuma, wasu fi’ili suna canza ma’anarsu dangane da ko sun kasance na yau da kullun ko marasa tsari, kamar yadda yake faruwa da fi’ili ‘rataya’, wanda a matsayin na yau da kullun yana nufin rataya ko rataya, amma a matsayin wanda bai dace ba yana nufin rataya ko rataya.
Furuci
Dangane da lafazi, ya danganta da baƙaƙe da ke gab da ƙarewar '-ed', Yadda kuke furta wannan sauti zai canza. Don haka, idan fi'ili na yau da kullun ya shiga mara iyaka Ya ƙare a cikin wasu baƙaƙe marasa murya kamar / k / ko / p /, za a furta lokacin da ya gabata da mai aiki a matsayin / t / (kamar a cikin 'aiki').
Idan a maimakon haka, fi'ilin ya ƙare a cikin baƙaƙen murya (“voiced”) kamar / n / ko / l /, za a furta lokacin da ya gabata da mai shiga tare da sautin / d / (kamar yadda zai kasance na 'kashe') . A ƙarshe, idan fi'ili mara iyaka na yau da kullun ya ƙare a 't' ko 'd', lafazin waɗannan siffofin zai yi sauti / id / (kamar yadda a 'yanke shawara).
Misalan kalmomin aiki na yau da kullun cikin Turanci
baya | halaka | musgunawa |
gasa | gane | cutarwa |
ma'auni | ci gaba | ƙiyayya |
bara | saba | farauta |
nuna hali | bace | kai |
mallakar | rashin yarda | warkar |
sa albarka | kwance damarar makamai | tara |
makafi | gano | zafi |
lumshe ido | ƙi | taimako |
tafasa | raba | ƙugiya |
bam | ninki biyu | hop |
littafi | shakka | bege |
huda | ja | hover |
aro | magudana | runguma |
billa | mafarki | hum |
akwati | ado | farauta |
birki | drip | yi sauri |
reshe | sauke | gane |
numfashi | nutse | yi watsi |
goga | ganga | yi tunanin |
konewa | bushe | shigo da kaya |
buzz | kura | burge |
lissafi | sami | inganta |
kira | ilimantar da kanku | hada da |
zango | kunya | karuwa |
kula | yi aiki | tasiri |
ɗauka | komai | sanar |
sanadin | ƙarfafa | allura |
kalubale | ƙare | rauni |
canza | ji daɗi | koyar |
caji | shiga | nufin |
bi | yi nishaɗi | sha'awa |
yaudara | tsere | tsoma baki |
duba | bincika | katsewa |
da'awa | burge | gabatar |
tafada | uzuri | ƙirƙira |
tsabta | motsa jiki | gayyata |
bayyana | wanzu | fusata |
kusa | fadada | ƙaiƙayi |
koci | jira | kurkuku |
tattara | bayyana | jam |
launi | fashe | jog |
umarni | mika | shiga |
sadarwa | fuska | wargi |
kwatanta | Fade | alkali |
gasa | kasa | rugujewa |
koka | zato | tsalle |
kammala | daure | shura |
maida hankali | fax | kashe |
damuwa | tsoro | sumbata |
furta | shinge | durkusa |
rude | kawo | saƙa |
haɗa | fayil | buga |
yi la'akari | cika | kulli |
kunshi | fim | lakabi |
dauke da | wuta | ƙasa |
ci gaba | dace | karshe |
kwafi | gyara | dariya |
daidai | m | ƙaddamar |
ƙidaya | walƙiya | koyi |
murfin | taso kan ruwa | matakin |
karo | ambaliya | lasisi |
ja jiki | kwarara | lasa |
giciye | fure | karya |
murkushe | ninka | sauƙaƙa |
kuka | bi | kamar |
magani | wawa | jerin |
lanƙwasa | karfi | saurare |
kwana | tsari | rayu |
sake zagayowar | samu | kaya |
dam | firam | kulle |
lalacewa | tsorata | dogon lokaci |
rawa | soya | duba |
Zan ba | tara | yana gani |
rubewa | kwace | ma'auni |
yaudara | man shafawa | motsa |
yanke shawara | garanti | shirin |
yi ado da kanka | mai gadi | tuna |
jinkiri | Tsammani | rahoto |
murna | jagora | roƙo |
isar | guduma | fara |
dogara | hannu | tip |
ya bayyana | rike | tafiya |
hamada | rataya | gwada |
cancanci | faru | aiki |
Yana iya ba ku: Misalan kalmomin da ba daidai ba a Turanci
Andrea malamar harshe ce, kuma a cikin asusun ta na Instagram tana ba da darussa masu zaman kansu ta hanyar kiran bidiyo don ku koyi yin magana da Turanci.