Wadatacce
The pH is acronym ne wanda ke nufin yuwuwar hydrogen, kuma yana aiki azaman ma'aunin acidity ko alkalinity na rushewa, yana nuna ƙaddarar ion hydronium da ke cikin mafita.
An nuna hakan akwai cikakkiyar daidaituwa tsakanin tattarawar ions hydrogen da matakin acidity daga a abuManyan acid suna da babban sinadarin hydrogen ions, yayin da raunin acid yana da karancin yawa.
A lissafi, da pH An ayyana shi azaman logarithm na maƙasudi na maimaita aikin hydrogen ion a cikin mafita. Ana amfani da aikin logarithm don daidaita yanayin, don lambar tana da ma'ana a kanta. Masanin kimiyyar Sorenson ne ya gabatar da sikelin, wanda ya ba da sikelin sunansa har zuwa 1924.
The An saita sikelin pH tsakanin lamba 0 da 14: 0 shine ƙarshen acid, yayin da 14 shine ƙarshen alkaline. Lambar 7, tsaka -tsaki, shine abin da aka sani da tsaka tsaki pH.
Kamar yadda aka auna?
Don auna ma'aunin pH, ana amfani da sunadarai masu sauƙin amfani, wanda shine Litmus takarda. Yana da rawar cewa yana canza launinsa gwargwadon maganin da aka nitsar da shi.
Mafi yawan abubuwan acidic za su juya takarda ruwan hoda, yayin da mafi mahimmanci zai sa ya zama shuɗi. Wasu daga cikin takaddun wannan nau'in suna da alamomi na ƙira, ta yadda duk wanda ya yi amfani da shi zai iya yanke matakin yuwuwar hydrogen kawai da launi.
Koyaya, rawar Litmus ba ta da tasiri gaba ɗaya, kuma a lokuta inda ba ta da tasiri, na'urar da aka sani da mita pH, firikwensin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin hanyar sunadarai don auna pH na mafita. A can, sel don auna ma'aunin pH ya ƙunshi nau'ikan wayoyin lantarki, ɗaya daga calomel ɗayan kuma na gilashi: wannan mitar tana da ƙima sosai, kuma wayoyin da aka haɗa da ita za su samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da aka nutsa cikin mafita.
Misalan pH na wasu abubuwa
| Ruwan lemo (pH 2) | Ruwan lemu (pH 4) |
| Ruwan ciki (pH 1) | Giya (pH 5) |
| Mai shayarwa (pH 10.5) | Ammoniya (pH 12) |
| Ruwan sabulu (pH 9) | Bleach (pH 13) |
| Ruwan teku (pH 8) | Cola soda (pH 3) |
| Ruwan lemun tsami (pH 11) | Hydrochloric acid (pH 0) |
| Milk na Magnesia (pH 10) | Baturi (pH 1) |
| Fatar mutum (pH 5.5) | Sodium hydroxide (pH 14) |
| Madara (pH 6) | Ruwa mai tsabta (pH 7) |
| Vinegar (pH 3) | Jini (pH 8) |
Yadda za a ci gaba da pH?
Wani lokaci tsarin dakin gwaje -gwaje yana buƙatar shirya da adana mafita da pH na yau da kullun. Kiyaye wannan maganin yafi wahalar shiri, domin idan ya sadu da iska zai sha carbon dioxide kuma zai zama mai yawan acidic, yayin da idan aka adana shi a cikin akwati na gilashi zai zama mafi alkaline saboda tasirin An cire shi daga gilashi.
The mafita na buɗa sune waɗanda ke da ikon kiyaye pH ɗin su a tsayayya da ƙari na ƙananan adadin acid ko tushe mai iko.
Ana shirya maganin irin wannan tare da acid mai rauni da gishirin acid ɗaya, ko ta amfani da tushe mara ƙarfi da gishirin tushe ɗaya. Ko da sel a cikin rayayyun halittu dole ne su kula da kusan pH, za aikin enzymatic da metabolism.
Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Acids da Bases
