Mawallafi:
Laura McKinney
Ranar Halitta:
9 Afrilu 2021
Sabuntawa:
1 Yuli 2024
Wadatacce
The biochemistry Sashi ne na ilmin sunadarai wanda aka keɓe don nazarin rayayyun halittu a cikin sinadaran su. Kimiyya ce ta gwaji.
Babban jigoginsa sune furotin, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid da kwayoyin halittu daban -daban da suka hada sel, da kuma halayen sinadaran da suke sha. Yana cikin aikin likitanci, harhada magunguna da agrochemistry, tsakanin sauran fannoni.
Biochemistry yayi nazarin yadda kwayoyin ke samun kuzari (catabolism) kuma suna amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta (anabolism). Daga cikin hanyoyin da yake nazari akwai narkewa, photosynthesis, shingaye ilmin sunadarai, haifuwa, girma, da dai sauransu.
Bangarorin biochemistry
- Tsarin biochemistry: Yana nazarin tsarin sunadarai na macromolecules na halitta, kamar sunadarai da nucleic acid (DNA da RNA).
- Bioorganic sunadarai: Yi nazarin mahaɗan da suke covalent bond carbon-carbon ko carbon-hydrogen, wanda ake kira kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan mahadi ana samun su ne a cikin abubuwa masu rai.
- Enzymology: Enzymes ne masu nazarin halittu wanda ke ba da damar jiki ya aiwatar halayen sunadarai kamar lalacewar furotin. Wannan ilimin yana nazarin halayen su da hulɗarsu da coenzymes da sauran abubuwa kamar ƙarfe da bitamin.
- Metabolic biochemistry: Yi nazarin hanyoyin rayuwa (samun da kashe kuzari) a matakin salula.
- Xenobiochemistry: An haɗa shi da ilimin kimiyyar magunguna, yana nazarin halayen metabolism na abubuwa waɗanda galibi ba a samun su a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Immunology: Yi nazarin yadda kwayoyin halittu ke yi ga ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Endocrinology: Yi nazarin halayen hormones a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Hormones abubuwa ne da jiki ke iya ɓoyewa ko samu daga waje, wanda ke shafar aikin sel daban -daban da tsarin.
- Neurochemistry: Yi nazarin halayen sunadarai na tsarin jijiya.
- Chemotaxonomy: Yi nazari da rarrabe halittu bisa ga banbance -banbancen su a cikin sinadaran su.
- Kimiyyar muhalli: Yi nazarin abubuwan biochemical da ƙwayoyin ke amfani da su don yin mu'amala da juna.
- Virology: Musamman yana nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta, rarrabuwarsu, aiki, tsarin kwayoyin halitta da juyin halitta. An haɗa shi da ilimin magunguna.
- Genetics: Yi nazarin kwayoyin halitta, bayyanarsu, watsa su da haɓakar kwayoyin halitta.
- Halittar kwayoyin halitta: Yi nazarin hanyoyin biochemical musamman daga hangen nesa.
- Biology cell (cytology): Yi nazarin ilmin sunadarai, ilimin halittar jiki da ilimin halittar jiki na nau'ikan sel guda biyu: prokaryotes da eukaryotes.
Misalan biochemistry
- Haɓaka taki: taki shine abubuwan da ke fifita ci gaban shuka. Don haɓaka su ya zama dole a san buƙatun sunadarai na tsirrai.
- Abubuwa masu guba na Enzymatic: waɗannan masu tsabtacewa ne waɗanda zasu iya cire ragowar abubuwan necrotic, ba tare da samar da mummunan aiki akan saman inorganic ba.
- Magunguna: kera magunguna ya danganta da sanin hanyoyin sunadarai na jikin ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shafar ta.
- Kayan shafawa: Chemicals da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan shafawa dole ne su kasance masu dacewa ga sunadarai na jiki.
- Daidaitaccen abincin dabbobi: ana haɓaka abinci daga sanin buƙatun rayuwa da abubuwan gina jiki na dabbobi.
- Gina Jiki: ko menene manufar abincin mu shine (don samun nauyi ko rage nauyi, rage sukari jini, kawar da cholesterol, da sauransu) ƙirar sa dole tayi la'akari da buƙatun sinadaran jikin mu don yin aiki.
- An shirya bangon ciki don tsayayya da acid mai narkewa wanda zai haifar da mummunan rauni idan sun haɗu da sassan jikin mu a waje da tsarin narkewar abinci.
- Lokacin da muke da zazzabi, jikin mu yana ƙoƙarin isa zafin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cutar da mu ba za su iya rayuwa ba.
- Lokacin da jikinmu ba zai iya kare kansa daga ƙwayoyin cuta ba, maganin rigakafi sune amsawar sinadaran da ke hana haifuwarsu kuma yana kawar da su.
- Ƙarin kayan abinci yana ba mu damar shigar da abubuwan da ke cikin jiki ko inorganic waɗanda jikinmu ke buƙata don yin aiki daidai.
