Makamashi

Wadatacce

• Bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin motsi da ƙarfin kuzari
• Ƙirƙirar lissafin kuzari
• Darussan Kinetic
• Misalan ƙarfin kuzari
• Sauran nau'o'in makamashi

The Makamashi Shi ne abin da jiki ke samu saboda motsinsa kuma an ayyana shi azaman adadin aikin da ake buƙata don hanzarta jiki a hutawa da kuma yawan da aka bayar zuwa saurin saiti.

Inji makamashi Ana samun sa ta hanyar hanzartawa, bayan wannan abin zai riƙe shi iri ɗaya har sai saurin ya bambanta (hanzarta ko rage gudu) don haka, don dakatarwa, zai ɗauki aiki mara kyau na girmansa kamar ƙarfin kuzarinsa na tara. Don haka, tsawon lokacin da ƙarfin farko ke aiki akan jikin mai motsi, mafi girman saurin ya isa kuma mafi girman ƙarfin kuzarin da aka samu.

Bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin motsi da ƙarfin kuzari

Makamashin motsi, tare da ƙarfin kuzarin, yana ƙara adadin jimlar makamashin (E_m = E ba_c + E_p). Wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu na makamashi inji, kinetics da yuwuwar, an rarrabe su da cewa ƙarshen shine adadin kuzarin da ke da alaƙa da matsayin da wani abu ke hutawa kuma yana iya zama iri uku:

• Ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari. Ya danganta da tsayin da aka sanya abubuwan da jan hankalin da nauyi zai yi akan su.
• Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi. Shine wanda ke faruwa lokacin da wani abu na roba ya dawo da sifar sa ta asali, kamar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa lokacin da aka murƙushe ta.
• Ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Shi ne wanda ke kunshe a cikin aikin da wani yanki na lantarki ke aiwatarwa, lokacin cajin wutar lantarki a ciki yana motsawa daga wani wuri a cikin filin zuwa rashin iyaka.

Duba kuma: Misalan Ƙarfin Ƙarfi

Ƙirƙirar lissafin kuzari

Kinetic makamashi yana wakiltar alamar E_c (wani lokacin kuma E_– ko kuma E.₊ ko T ko K) da tsarin lissafin sa na yau da kullun shine DA_c = Ƙarfi m. v²inda m ke wakiltar taro (a cikin Kg) kuma v yana wakiltar gudu (a cikin m / s). Nau'in ma'auni don ƙarfin motsi shine Joules (J): 1 J = 1 kg. m²/ s².

Idan aka ba tsarin haɗin gwiwa na Cartesian, dabarun lissafin ƙarfin kuzari zai sami tsari mai zuwa: DA_c= Ƙarfi m (baƘari² + Ƙari² +²)

Waɗannan ƙirar sun bambanta a cikin makanikai masu alaƙa da makanikai masu ƙima.

Darussan Kinetic

1. Motar kilo 860 tana tafiya a kilomita 50 / h. Menene ƙarfin kuzarinsa zai kasance?

Da farko muna canza 50 km / h zuwa m / s = 13.9 m / s da amfani da lissafin lissafi:

DA_c = Ƙarfi 860kg ku. (13.9 m / s)² = 83,000 J.

1. Wani dutse mai nauyin kilo 1500 yana birgima da gangarawa tare da tara kuzarin motsi na 675000 J. Da wanne gudun dutse yake tafiya?

Tun Ec = ½. m .v² muna da 675000 J = ½. 1500 Kg. v², kuma lokacin warware abin da ba a sani ba, dole ne mu v² = 675000 J da. 2/1500 Kg. 1, daga v² = 1350000 J / 1500 Kg = 900 m / s, kuma a ƙarshe: v = 30 m / s bayan warware tushen murabba'i na 900.

Misalan ƙarfin kuzari

1. Mutumin da ke kan kankara. Skateboarder akan kankare U yana samun ƙarfin kuzari (lokacin da ya tsaya a ƙarshen sa na ɗan lokaci) da kuzarin motsi (lokacin da ya sake komawa ƙasa zuwa sama). Mai ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa da ke da girman jiki zai sami ƙarfin kuzari, amma kuma wanda skateboard ɗinsa ya ba shi damar tafiya cikin sauri.
2. Gilashin filaye da ta faɗi. Yayin da nauyi ke aiki akan gilashin faranti mai hatsarin gaske, ƙarfin motsi yana ƙaruwa a cikin jikin ku yayin da yake gangarowa kuma ana sake shi yayin da yake fasa ƙasa. Aikin farko da tuntuɓe ke samarwa yana hanzarta jiki yana karya matsayinsa na daidaituwa kuma sauran ana yin shi ta girman ƙasa.
3. Kwallan da aka jefa. Ta hanyar buga ƙarfinmu akan ƙwallo yayin hutawa, muna hanzarta shi sosai don ya yi tafiya tsakanin ta da abokin wasa, ta haka muna ba shi ƙarfin kuzari wanda a lokacin, lokacin da muke magance shi, abokin aikinmu dole ne ya saba da aikin daidai ko mafi girma don haka dakatar da motsi. Idan ƙwallon ya fi girma zai ɗauki ƙarin aiki don dakatar da shi fiye da ƙarami.
4. Dutse a kan tudu. A ce mun tura dutse sama da tudu. Aikin da muke yi lokacin turawa dole ne ya fi ƙarfin makamashin dutse da jan hankalin nauyi a kan yawan sa, in ba haka ba ba za mu iya motsa shi ba ko, mafi muni ma, zai murƙushe mu. Idan, kamar Sisyphus, dutsen ya gangaro gangaren sabanin zuwa wancan gefen, zai saki ƙarfin kuzarinsa zuwa kuzari yayin da ya faɗi ƙasa. Wannan kuzarin motsa jiki zai dogara ne akan nauyin dutse da saurin da yake samu a faɗuwar sa.
5. Kwallon abin hawa Yana samun kuzarin motsa jiki yayin da yake faɗuwa kuma yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Entsan lokaci kafin ta fara gangarowa, keken zai sami ƙarfin kuzari ba ƙarfin kuzari ba; Amma da zarar an fara motsi, duk ƙarfin kuzarin ya zama abin motsa jiki kuma ya kai matsakaicin matsayi da zaran faɗuwar ta ƙare kuma sabon hawan ya fara. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan kuzarin zai fi girma idan keken ya cika da mutane fiye da idan babu komai (zai sami babban taro).

Sauran nau'o'in makamashi