Wadatacce
Ana kiranta bambancin halittu zuwa nau'ikan rayuwa iri -iri waɗanda ke haɓaka a cikin yanayin yanayi. Duk tsirrai, dabbobi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kazalika da kayan halittar kowane ɗayan su an haɗa su cikin ma'anar.
Dukansu nau'in da ke zaune a yankin da aikin muhalli wanda kowannensu ke cikawa, wanda ta wata hanya ya ba da damar wanzuwar sauran duka, suna da mahimmanci.
A mafi muhimmanci darajar da bambancin halittu a cikin gaskiyar cewa tsari ne wanda nau'ikan nau'ikan ke aiwatarwa cikin shekaru masu yawa, lokacin da ake buƙata don cimma wani abu kamar ma'aunin biosphere.
Ana tabbatar da wanzuwar jinsin ta tsarin halittar da aka same su a ciki, kuma a kan wannan matakin mutum shine kawai nau'in halitta guda ɗaya: amfani da fa'idar halittu masu rai sun ba da gudummawa ta hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka al'adun ɗan adam.
- Duba kuma: Habitat da Muhalli Niche
Tsarin halittu
Tsarin ilimin halittu yana da ikon yin nasu, har gwargwadon yadda jinsuna ke cika ayyuka amma kuma suna ɓacewa, ta yadda nau'in da ya ɓace a zahiri yana haifar da tashin hankali a cikin tsirrai waɗanda za a iya maye gurbinsu da wani nau'in.
Koyaya, ayyuka daban -daban da ɗan adam ke aiwatarwa suna canza canjin halittu daga kusurwoyi daban -daban: sauye -sauye a yanayin yanayi, tsanantawa da wuce gona da iri, lalata da rarrabuwa na mazauna, gabatar da nau'ikan mamayewa da aikin gona mai zurfi suna da illa ga wasu daga cikin jinsunan da ke Duniya.
Muhimmancin rayayyun halittu
Lokacin da asarar bambancin ya haifar ta hanyar amfani da ɗan adam na tsarin halitta, ba a yin wannan sake haɗawa ta atomatik kuma yana iya yin illa ga dukan tsarin muhalli.
Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake yin kamfen na har abada fifita kula da bambancin halittu, da kiyayewa tsirrai. Don wannan, ana ba da shawarar jerin ayyuka:
- Haɗa ci gaban tattalin arziki tare da kiyaye muhalli.
- Dangane da na ƙarshen, watsi da dabarun samarwa waɗanda ke ƙasƙantar da albarkatun rayuwa ko ƙasa.
- Tantance mahimmancin kowane sashi na bambancin halittu, ban da tsarin gaba ɗaya.
- Kula da gandun daji na asali, daga halayen mutum amma kuma tare da manufofin jama'a.
- Taswirar da sanya ido kan mahalli, da kuma yawan jama'arsu Flora da fauna.
- Ka guji gabatar da nau'ikan m sai dai idan suna da fa'ida musamman.
Manuniya da misalai
Ana amfani da alamomi daban -daban don auna bambancin halittu: Alamar Simpson tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan lokuta. Dangane da waɗannan alamomi, an samar da rarrabuwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasashe goma sha bakwai da ake kira megadiverse, waɗanda a tare suke zama sama da kashi 70% na rayayyun halittu na duniya.
Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin, gami da wasu abubuwa na ilimin halittar kowane ɗayan su:
- Amurka: Babban sararin ƙasar yana da nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 432, 311 daga cikinsu dabbobi masu rarrafe, 256 na amphibians, 800 na tsuntsaye, 1,154 na kifi da fiye da 100,000 na kwari.
- Indiya: Dabbobi sun hada da shanu, buffalo, awaki, zakuna, damisa da giwayen Asiya. Akwai dazuzzuka 25 a cikin ƙasar kuma tana da nau'ikan halittu kamar biri Nilgiri, toad na Beddome, damisa Bengal da zaki Asiya.
- Malesiya: Akwai nau'ikan 210 na masu shayarwa a cikin kasar, nau'in tsuntsaye 620, nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe 250 (150 daga cikinsu macizai ne), nau'in murjani 600 da nau'in kifaye 1200.
- Afirka ta Kudu.
- Meziko: Tana da 'yankuna 37 na daji a doron ƙasa, tare da babban bambancin tsuntsaye da kifi (nau'in 875, 580 na tsuntsayen teku da 35 na masu shayarwa na teku).
- Ostiraliya: Tare da 8% na yankin da aka kare, ƙasar tana da nau'in kangaroo da koala, amma kuma sun haɗa da platypus, possum da aljanun Tasmaniya. Akwai bishiyoyi iri -iri, yawanci eucalyptus da acacias.
- Kolombiya: Ita ce ƙasa mafi wadata a cikin tsuntsaye masu nau'in 1870, ban da haɗe da nau'ikan kwaɗi sama da 700, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 456, da nau'ikan tsirrai sama da 55,000 (kashi ɗaya cikin uku na su kawai ke zaune a ƙasar).
- China: Tana da tsirrai sama da 30,000, da 6,347 vertebrates wanda ke wakiltar tsakanin kashi 10% na tsirrai da 14% na dabbobi a duniya.
- Peru: Akwai kusan nau'ikan 25,000, wanda 30% daga cikinsu ba su da yawa. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 182 na tsirrai na gida na Andean.
- Ecuador: Akwai nau'ikan tsirrai tsakanin 22,000 zuwa 25,000, tare da ƙima mai yawa. Bugu da kari, akwai adadi mai yawa na dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, 'yan amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
- Madagaskar: Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dabbobi masu shahara 32 a duniya, nau'in jemagu 28, nau'in tsuntsaye 198 da nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe 257.
- Brazil: Ita ce ƙasar da ke da mafi yawan halittu masu rai a duniya, tare da mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa da fiye da 3,000 kifi na ruwa mai tsabta, nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafewa 517, nau'in malam buɗe ido 3,150, nau'in tsuntsaye 1,622 da nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe 468.
- Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo: Manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar giwaye, zakuna, damisa, chimpanzees ko raƙuman ruwa sun yi fice.
- Indonesia: A cikin abin da ake kira ‘dazukan Aljanna’ akwai nau’o’in nau’o’i masu yawa, da suka hada da masu shayarwa 500 da tsuntsaye 1600.
- Venezuela: Akwai nau'ikan tsirrai kusan 15,500, da kuma dabbobi masu yawa, gami da nau'in kifi 1,200.
- Philippines: Halin da yawan dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
- Papua New Guinea: Kimanin nau'in halittu masu rarrafe masu kasha 4,642 ne ke rayuwa a cikin dajin New Guinea.
- Bi da: Dabbobi masu hadari
