Wadatacce
The Juyin Juya Halin Faransa Babban motsi ne na siyasa da zamantakewa wanda ya faru a Faransa a cikin 1798 kuma wancan ya kai ga kawo ƙarshen mulkin sarauta a wannan ƙasa, ya kafa gwamnatin jamhuriya mai sassaucin ra'ayi a madadin ta.
Taken taken "'yanci, daidaito,' yan uwanci" talakawa 'yan ƙasa sun yi adawa da kifar da mulkin ƙiyayya, sun yi rashin biyayya ga ikon masarautar kuma a yin hakan sun watsa wa duniya siginar makomar mai zuwa: dimokuraɗiyya, ɗan Republican .
Kusan duk masana tarihi suna ɗaukar Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a matsayin taron zamantakewa da siyasa wanda ke nuna farkon Turai ta zamani a Turai. Lamari ne da ya girgiza duniya baki ɗaya tare da yada ra'ayoyin juyin juya halin Haske zuwa kowane kusurwa.
Dalilin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa
Dalilin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa ya fara da rashin 'yancin walwala, babban talauci da rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin da ya wanzu a Faransa na mulkin Louis XVI da Marie Antoinette. Tare da Coci da limamai, aristocracy ya yi mulki tare da iko mara iyaka, kamar yadda Allah da kansa ya sanar da kujerun kursiyin. Sarkin ya yanke shawara ba tare da son rai ba, ba tare da tuntubar juna ba, ya samar da sabbin haraji, zubar da kayan batutuwan, ayyana yaki da sanya hannu kan zaman lafiya, da sauransu.
Wannan babban rashin daidaiton maza a gaban doka, wanda koda yake iri ɗaya ne, ya sanya takunkumi ga masu hannu da shuni ta hanyoyi daban -daban, daidai gwargwadon ikon sarautar baki ɗaya kan 'yancin faɗin albarkacin baki ta hanyar hanyoyin tace bayanai, ya sa yawancin mutane cikin halin ko inkula da rashin jin daɗi. Idan muka ƙara da cewa adadin gatan zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi da aristocracy da limamai suka more ta hanyar kashe mutane, ana iya fahimtar cewa yayin barkewar cutar sun kasance abin ƙi na jama'a.
An kiyasta cewa daga cikin mazaunan Faransa miliyan 23 a lokacin, 300,000 ne kawai ke cikin waɗannan azuzuwan masu mulki waɗanda ke more duk gatanci. Sauran na “talakawa” ne, in ban da wasu ‘yan kasuwa da bourgeoisie mai jin kunya.
Sakamakon Juyin Juya Halin Faransa
Sakamakon Juyin Juya Halin Faransanci yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da isa ga duniya wanda har yanzu ana tunawa da shi a yau.
- Dokar feudal ta ƙare. Ta hanyar kawar da masarautar da gatan limaman, masu juyin juya halin Faransa sun yi mummunar illa ga tsarin mulkin ƙabilanci a Turai da duniya, suna shuka iri na canji a ƙasashe da yankuna da yawa. Yayin da sauran ƙasashen Turai suka yi bimbini tare da firgita sare kan sarakunan Faransa, a wasu wurare, kamar a cikin yankin Hispanic na Amurka, mazauna yankunan za su ci gaba da wannan akidar ta 'yanci sannan kuma shekaru masu zuwa daga baya za su fara juyin juya halin' yancin kai daga Masarautar Spain.
- An sanar da Jamhuriyar Faransa. Fitowar sabon tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa zai canza alaƙar tattalin arziki da iko a cikin Faransa har abada. Wannan zai ƙunshi sauye -sauye daban -daban, wasu sun fi jini fiye da wasu, kuma a ƙarshe zai haifar da gogewa iri -iri na shahararrun ƙungiyar waɗanda, duk da haka, za su jefa ƙasar cikin rudani. A farkon matakan, a zahiri, dole ne su fuskanci yaƙi tare da maƙwabtansu na Prussian, waɗanda ke son mayar da sarki kan gadon sarautarsa da ƙarfi.
- An aiwatar da sabon rarraba aikin. Ƙarshen al'ummar jihar zai kawo sauyi a hanyar samar da Faransanci kuma zai ba da damar gabatar da dokokin samarwa da buƙata, da kuma rashin saka hannun jihar cikin harkokin tattalin arziki. Wannan zai daidaita sabuwar al'umma mai sassaucin ra'ayi, wanda aka kiyaye shi ta siyasa ta hanyar ƙidayar ƙidaya.
- An yi shelar haƙƙin ɗan adam a karon farko. Taken taken ya yi ihu a lokacin farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci, "'Yanci, daidaito,' yan uwantaka ko mutuwa", ya haifar a yayin Babban Taron Kasa zuwa Sanarwa ta Farko na Hakkokin Dan Adam, share fage da wahayi ga Haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamaninmu. A karon farko, an yi doka daidai da doka ga dukkan mutane, ba tare da la’akari da asalin zamantakewar su ba, akidarsu ko launin fatarsu. An 'yanta bayi kuma an soke kurkuku na bashi.
- An dasa sabon matsayin zamantakewa. Kodayake ba juyin juya halin mata ba ne, amma ya ba mata matsayi daban -daban, ya fi kokari wajen gina sabon tsarin zamantakewa, tare da kawar da mayorazgo da sauran al'adu da dama. Wannan yana nufin sake kafa ginshiƙan tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi, wanda kuma yana nufin kawar da gatan malamai, ƙwace kadarorin Coci da attajiran arziƙi.
- Bourgeoisie ya hau mulki a Turai. 'Yan kasuwa, babban ɗan bourgeoisie wanda daga baya ya fara Juyin Masana'antu, ya fara mamaye wurin da ba kowa a cikin aristocracy a matsayin rukunin masu mulki, ana kiyaye shi ta tarin jari ba ƙasa ba, asalin asali ko kusanci ga Allah. Wannan zai haifar da sauyi a Turai zuwa na zamani, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa lokacin da gwamnatocin masu adawa za su fara raguwar sannu a hankali.
- An yi shelar tsarin mulkin Faransa na farko. Wannan kundin tsarin mulkin, wanda ke tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin da ƙungiyar juyin juya hali ta samu wanda kuma ya nuna ruhin sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin tattalin arziƙi da zamantakewar sabon tsarin ƙasar, zai zama abin misali da tushe ga tsarin mulkin jamhuriya na gaba na duniya.
- An sanar da rabuwa tsakanin Coci da Jiha. Wannan rarrabuwa yana da mahimmanci don shiga cikin zamani na Yammacin Turai, tunda yana ba da damar siyasa ba tare da addini ba. Wannan ya faru ne ta hanyar kwace kadarorin Coci da limaman coci, rage ikon su na zamantakewa da siyasa, kuma sama da duk canja wurin zuwa Jihar hayar da Ikilisiyar ta tattara daga mutane don ayyukan jama'a. Don haka, firistocin, za su karɓi albashi daga Jiha kamar kowane jami'i. An sayar da filaye da kaddarorin Cocin da aristocracy ga mawadata talakawa da bourgeoisie, suna ba da tabbacin amincinsu ga Juyin Juya Halin.
- An sanya sabon kalandar da sabbin ranakun kasa. Wannan canjin ya nemi soke duk ragowar tsarin mulkin da ya gabata, ya sami sabuwar alaƙa ta alama da zamantakewa wacce addini bai yi mata alama ba, don haka ya gina ƙarin al'adun jamhuriya ga Faransanci.
- Yunƙurin Napoleon Bonaparte a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna. Ofaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan ban mamaki na Juyin Juya Halin Faransa shine cewa ya ƙare a mulkin sarauta kuma. Ta hanyar juyin mulki da aka sani da suna Brumaire 18, Janar Napoleon Bonaparte, wanda ya dawo daga Masar, zai ɗauki ragamar mulkin wata al'umma a cikin rikicin zamantakewa, bayan lokutan fitinar juyin juya halin jini a hannun Jacobins. Wannan sabuwar Daular Napoleon da farko zata kasance bayyanar jamhuriyya amma hanyoyin cikas kuma zata ƙaddamar da Faransa don cinye duniya. Bayan jerin yaƙe -yaƙe, masarautar za ta ƙare a 1815 tare da asarar Yaƙin Waterloo (Belgium) a kan rundunar haɗin gwiwar Turai.
