The colloids su ne Haɗaɗɗen homogeneousKamar mafita, amma a wannan yanayin akan sikelin microscopic, ana rarrabe barbashi na abubuwa ɗaya ko fiye, lokacin da aka tarwatsa ko ya ƙare, wanda aka tarwatsa a cikin wani abu da ake kira watsawa ko ci gaba.
Kalmar colloid An gabatar da shi ta masanin kimiyyar Scotland Thomas Graham a 1861 kuma ya samo asali daga asalin Girkanci kola (κoλλα), wanda ke nufin “wanda ke bi"Ko kuma"mara hankali”, Wannan yana da alaƙa da dukiyar irin wannan abubuwan kada su wuce cikin abubuwan da aka saba tacewa.
A cikin colloids, barbashi a cikin lokacin da aka tarwatse suna da girman isa don watsa haske (wani sakamako na gani wanda aka sani da tasirin Tyndall), amma ba ƙarami ba ne don yin ɗumi da rarrabuwa. Kasancewar wannan tasirin gani yana ba da damar rarrabe colloid daga mafita ko mafita. Colloid barbashi suna da diamita tsakanin 1 nanometer da micrometer; na mafita sun fi ƙasa da nanometer 1.Ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa colloids ana kiransu micelles.
An bayyana yanayin yanayin colloid ta yanayin zahiri na lokacin watsawa, wanda zai iya zama ruwa, mai ƙarfi ko gas; lokacin da aka tarwatsa kuma yana iya dacewa da ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku, kodayake a cikin iskar gas wannan koyaushe ruwa ne ko mai ƙarfi.
Colloidal abubuwa suna da mahimmanci a cikin ƙera kayan masana'antu da yawa na amfanin yau da kullun, kamar fenti, robobi, maganin kwari don aikin gona, inks, siminti, sabulun wanka, man shafawa, sabulun wando, manne da kayan abinci iri -iri.. Colloids da ke cikin ƙasa suna ba da gudummawa ga riƙe ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki.
A cikin magunguna, ana yin amfani da colloids ko masu faɗaɗa plasma don faɗaɗa ƙwanƙwasawar jini na tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda aka samu ta hanyar amfani da crystalloids.
Colloids na iya zama hydrophilic ko hydrophobic. Surfactants kamar sabulu (gishirin dogon sarkar kitse) ko masu wanki suna samar da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, suna ba da damar karfafawa colloids na hydrophobic.
Lokacin da za a iya rarrabe rarrabewa tsakanin lokacin da aka warwatsa da matsakaiciyar tarwatsawa, ana kiransa colloid mai sauƙi. Akwai wasu hadaddun hadaddun hadaddun abubuwa, irin su tsarin reticular colloidal, wanda duka bangarorin biyu ana samunsu ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa (tabarau masu haɗawa da gels da mayuka masu yawa iri ɗaya ne), da abin da ake kira colloids da yawa, inda masu watsawa matsakaici ke zama tare. tare da matakai biyu ko fiye da aka tarwatsa, waɗanda aka raba su sosai. An ba da misalai guda ashirin na colloids a ƙasa:
- Kirim mai madara
- Madara
- Latex fenti
- Kumfa
- Jelly
- Tusa
- Hayaki
- Montmorillonite da sauran yumɓun silicate
- Organic abu
- Bovine guringuntsi
- Abubuwan Albumin
- Plasma
- Dextrans
- Hydroethyl takin
- Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi
- Tashi
- Masu wankewa
- Gel siliki
- Titanium oxide
- Ruby
